Table of Content

20 October 2015 Volume 28 Issue 5

  

Traditional Chinese medicine and natural active products

Content determination of βecdysterone and oleanolic acid in Achyranthes bidentata Blume by HPLC and their fingerprints

ZHANG Minmin,ZHAO Hengqiang,ZHOU Siduo,WANG Daijie，WANG Xiao,LIU Daicheng,GENG Yanling,MU Yuzhu

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  1-6.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.001

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We constructed quantitative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of Achyranthes bidentata Blume and determined the contents of oleanolic acid and βecdysterone. We analyzed 13 batches of Achyranthes bidentata Blume with Agilent ZORBAX SBC18 column, 0.6% formic acid as fluid phase, column temperature of 25 ℃ and detection wavelength of 260 nm. HPLC fingerprint of Achyranthes bidentata Blume included sixteen common peaks and four characteristic peaks. We also quantitatively determined two of these peaks, peak 5 and peak 7. From their similarity analysis, we primarily confirmed Achyranthes bidentata Blume from different origins had significant distinctions in quality. This research provides an approach and technology support for the quality control of Achyranthes bidentata.

Distribution rule of active components in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.

WEI Guangfei, LIU Qian, LI Jia, LI Cui, ZHANG Yongqing

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  7-13.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.002

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We address the distribution rule of active components in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. This provides a reference for its quality control. We incised its roots into horizontal and vertical parts, and then determined the contents of 7 active components by HPLC. Experimental results show that active components distribution of its roots exhibits a certain rule. The contents of all active components gradually decrease from its outside to inside, highest in epidermis. The contents of watersoluble components in its roots gradually reduce from top to bottom, highest at the top. However, the contents of fatsoluble components gradually increase, highest at the bottom.

Pharmacology and Toxicology

Dosedependent developmental toxicity of isoniazid to zebrafish embryo

ZHANG Yun, WU Yuan, CHEN Weiyun,SUN Chen,WANG Ximin,HE Qiuxia, HAN Liwen,WANG Xue,HAN Jian, LIU Kechun

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  14-21.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.003

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We address dosedependent developmental toxicity of isoniazid (INH) to zebrafish. We respectively process 2hpf zebrafish embryo with different concentrations of INH, and observe the variations of the mortality of zebrafish larva and embryo, hatching rate, malformation rate, body length and morphology. Acute toxicity experiment shows that INH has significant developmental toxicity to zebrafish, and can cause developmental delay and malfunction of zebrafish. Compared with the control group, lower doses (<6 mmol/L) of INH have no developmental toxicity to zebrafish, while higher doses (≥32 mmol/L) of INH significantly inhibit hatching rate of embryos, and have obvious embryonic death and teratogenic effects. Mortality and malformation rates of zebrafish both increase with the increase of drug delivery dosage and time extension. For this experiment, the largest concentration of INH nontoxic effect is 2 mmol/L.

Recovery effect of laminarin on cadmium chloride induced developmental toxicity of zebrafish skeleton

PENG Weibing, HAN Jian, CHEN Weiyun,ZHOU Lingxiao,WANG Rongchun, FU Xianjun, WANG Zhenguo, LIU Kechun

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  22-26.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.004

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We addressed recovery effect of different concentrations of laminarin on developmental toxicity of zebrafish skeleton induced by cadmium chloride. We selected 72 hpf normal growth zebrafish embryos, and added 100 μg/L of cadmium chloride and 25, 50, 100 μg/L of laminarin. Three days later, they were dyed for 2 h by calcein. We observed skeletal growth of zebrafish on microscope, and calculated the fluorescent staining area of hard bone. Results show that different concentrations of laminarin can all reduce the toxicity of zebrafish skeletal growth induced by cadmium chloride, and dosedependent relation exists. Laminarin of 100 μg/L has significant recovery effect, but the effect is the worst for laminarin of 25 μg/L. This shows that laminarin has significant recovery effect on cadmium chloride induced zebrafish skeletal developmental toxicity.

Agricultural Microbiology

Impact and mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum strain LTR-2 on salt tolerance of vegetable seeds and seedlings

ZHAO Zhongjuan, HU Jindong, WU Xiaoqing, ZHAO Xiaoyan,LI Zhe, LI Jishun, YANG Hetong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  27-34.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.005

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We addressed the impact of Trichoderma harzianum strain LTR-2 on seed germination, seedling growth and physiological and biochemical response of cucumber, radish and tomato under salinity stress. Results show that germination rate of vegetable seeds treated with LTR-2 is significantly higher than that of seeds untreated with LTR-2 under NaCl stress. Shoot length, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn value) and antioxidant enzyme activity of vegetable seedlings treated with LTR-2 are significantly higher than those of seedlings without LTR-2 treatment. However, relative conductivity and MDA content are less than those without LTR-2 treatment. This indicates that T. harzianum strain LTR-2 can stimulate germination of vegetable seeds, growth and photosynthesis of seedlings, improve antioxidant capacity of seedlings, reduce membrane damage, and enhance salt tolerance of seedlings.

Trichoderma paratroviride,Chinese new record of Trichoderma

ZHANG Guangzhi, ZHANG Xinjian,CHEN Kai,WU Xiaoqing,LI Jishun,YANG Hetong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  35-40.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.006

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Trichoderma strain Y15 was isolated from the vegetable soil under Shandong greenhouse, and identified by analysis of internal transcribed spacer regions of the rRNA gene cluster (ITS), partial sequences of transcription extensions factor 1alpha (tef1α) and morphological characteristics. Results show that Y15 is T. paratroviride. The strain is colony dense, panniform, greyishgreen on PDA. Conidiophore main axes is long with short secondary branches, not extensively rebranching. Its branches are coupled or verticillate. Phialides usually has 2~4 verticils, lageniform or subulate, straight or flexuous. Conidia is subglobose to obovoid, greenish and smooth. The tef1α sequence of strain Y15 has 99% homology with strains S489 and S385 of T. paratroviride type, and has the closest genetic relationship with them in phylogenetic tree. It is originally reported in China as a new Chinese record of genus Trichoderma.

Biosensors

Status quo and development of marine animal based biosensor monitoring technology

SHI Jianguo, CAI Lei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  41-48.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.007

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Marine underwater monitoring technology is an important component of threedimensional realtime marine environment monitoring system, and a global research focus in marine science and military circle. We surveyed the application of marine animals, the carrier of marine sensors, in oceanographic observation, and the development process of marine biological tags and marine monitoring sensors technologies. We also presented the prospect of marine animal based underwater mobile monitoring platforms and its potential application values in marine environment, marine resources and navy spheres. We eventually indicated that the key issues constructing domestic marine biological sensor technology systems are the development of new sensors and their application in marine animals.

Rapid measurement of biochemical parameters in citric acid fermentation process by biosensors

MA Yaohong, MENG Qingjun, YANG Yan, YANG Junhui, ZHENG Lan, SHI Jianguo

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  49-53.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.008

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We applied fermentation process to the control over total sugar, reducing sugar and citric acid measurement instruments. We further implement rapid measurement for such key biochemical parameters as total sugar, reducing sugar and citric acid content. This provides an analytic method of key biochemical parameters for optimization control of citric acid fermentation process.

Tranfic and Transportation

Timetable adjustment and system realization of urban rail transit in emergent situation

MA Hongnan, WU Lijuan, SUN Huijun,WANG Bo

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  54-63.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.009

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To improve the compiling efficiency of urban rail train timetable in emergent situation, we employ SQL Server 10.0 database and VC++ 2013 to adjust the train schedule based on the conventional scheduling methods of subway operators and different scheduling policies. We perform the simulation scheme of part route for complete blockade at a track line, taking Beijing metro line 1 as an instance. Results show that the presented adjustment policy makes timetable compiling work more efficient and adjustment of train operation more convenient in emergent situation. In addition, it reduces the deviation from practical scheduling methods in emergency so it is more easier to be implemented in practical applications.

Regenerative braking energy based optimization model for departure interval time in subway system

Qiu Yu，Fan Yushang，Hou Xiaoli，Liu Yafei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  64-70.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.010

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We establish a model for energy optimization of train departure interval time based on single train energy saving operation with the reduction of the total energy consumption on the whole line as a goal. The model can calculate energy consumption of train traction based on running time division at the existing lines combined with energy saving of a single train and running speed curves among different stations. We determine effective regenerative braking energy by time overlap and convert total energy consumption minimum of multicar into energy consumption minimum of the whole line. We derive optimal departure interval time with genetic algorithm and energy consumption minimum of the whole line as a goal. Simulation cases demonstrate energy saving effect of optimized departure time interval.

Other Research Article

m-competition index of a kind of primitive digraph

LIU Caifeng, LIU Guoyong, GAO Yubin

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  72-77.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.011

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Let D be a primitive digraph of order n.For positive integers m and n(1≤m≤n), we define its mcompetition index,km(D), as the smallest positive integer k that satisfies the condition that for every pair of vertices x and y, there are m different vertices v1,v2,…，vm in D that satisfy xkvi and ykvi(i=1,2,…，m). We address a primitive digraph D of order n with two (n-2) cycles and one (n-3) cycle. We derive primitive digraphs Dn-2 and Dn-3 based on the structure of D. We can further obtain m-competition index of the primitive digraph D based on the definition of m-competition index.

Property of innermetacyclic capable group

LI Zhixiu

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  77-79.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.012

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We address the conditions that an innermetacyclic pgroup is a capable group. We also acquire the necessary and sufficient conditions that an innermetacyclic group is a capable pgroup. We further construct a group H from an innermetacyclic pgroup G, which makes G isomorphic to H/Z(H).

Black gel ink type distinction by high performance liquid chromatogramtime of flight mass spectrometer

CHEN Yue，WANG Shanshan，YUAN Jinpeng，ZOU Jixin，LIU Wei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  80-84.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.013

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We detect the components of black gel ink handwriting with high performance liquid chromatogramtime of flight mass spectrometer. We applied methanol and water (1：1,V/V) compound to the extraction of samples and ESI+ mode to their detection. We also extracted specific ion in every sample by differential proteomics method. We eventually analyzed the results by SPSS software principal component analysis method. Results show that 24 kinds of samples can all be effectively distinguished. This research can provide a new method for the distinction of gel pen type and the identification of writing time moment.

Research of bridge vibration deformation monitoring with digital closerange photogrammetry

ZHANG Guojian, YU Xianzhi, YU Chengxin

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  85-90.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.014

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We apply digital photogrammetry to deformation observation of bridge vibration for the negatives of traditional measurement methods. We initially chose artificial marks, and deployed control points and deformation monitoring points. We then instantly captured the bridge and acquired the photos of a series of loads with a distortion eliminated digital camera under moving loads. We eventually performed data processing and graphics display with a 3D time baseline parallax method software. Results show that the approach is convenient and highly precise. It can also observe multiple points instantaneously and acquire bridge instantaneous deformation value with the accuracy of 3/1 000.

Impact of different container and growing media on the growth of apple seedlings

ZHANG Ruiqing, YANG Jianchao, SUN Xiao,SUN Qingtian,SUN Yanxia, JIANG Zhongwu

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  91-96.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.015

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We conducted three independent but associated tests to study the impact of 4 container materials, 3 container sizes and 13 kinds of growing media on the growth of greenhouse apple seedlings. Results show that plastic and nonwoven bags are more economic and practical containers to plant apple seedlings. Apple seedlings cultivation volume can only be contracted to a certain degree, 20 cm diameter and 30 cm height container suitable for 1~2 years apple seedlings growth. From the perspective of comprehensive utilization of agriculture and forestry waste resources, cinder, mushroom residue and rotten sawdust can serve as apple seeding soilless cultivation media substituting orchard soil among the 11 resources such as cinder, corn stalks, peanut shells, mushroom residue, rice husk, straw stalk, bean stalk, sawdust, rotten sawdust, rice husk carbon and shell powder.

Error correction and software compensation methods for digital temperature sensor

ZHAO Huaigong, DUAN Chenxu, DING Xudong, DUAN Peiyong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  97-100.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.016

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For big output discreteness and poor device consistency issues of DS18B20 ( temperature detection sensor of heat meters), we employ linear interpolation method to compensate temperature measurement accuracy and linearity with software. It can increase measurement precision of DS18B20 from ±0.5 ℃ to±0.1 ℃, which solves the problem of pair match of DS18B20. The research replaces traditional thermal resistance temperature sensor, simplifies the hardware circuit of temperature measurement, and reduces power consumption of the circuit.

Processing technology of a clarified pomegrante and hawthorn compound fruit beverage

SHI Yaping,ZHANG Yonggang, LIU Xin, ZHANG Miansong,AN Guangchi, LIU Guangliang, LIU Yuling, LIU Changheng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  101-108.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.017

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We address the processing technology of a clarified pomegranate and hawthorn compound fruit beverage. Single factor experiment shows that the sensory quality of the compound juice is optimal for the mass ratio of pomegranate juice and hawthorn juice of 4：1. We compare three clarifying methods such as diatomite, pectinase and chitosan with transmittance as an index. Results demonstrate that the clarifying effect gradually decreases for pectinase, chitosan and diatomite. The storage stability of the compound juice clarified by pecinase is better than that clarified by diatomite and chitosan. Orthogonal test is employed to optimize the clarifying process. Results indicate that the clarifying effect of the compound juice is best under the conditions of the pectinase amount of 0.08%, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 45℃ and enzymatic hydrolysis time of 1.5 ~ 2.0 h.

Design and implementation of vehicle monitoring system client based on MapX

ZHANG Yanbo,WANG Zhongmin,GUO Linxin,XU Wenqing

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  109-114.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.018

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We design a client of vehicle surveillance system with a MapX control as GIS platform. We highlight localization data protocol, data reception and preprocessing process of abnormal data. We also present the design of spatial and attribute databases. We eventually address the key technologies such as realtime vehicle localization and vehicle trace playback on an electronic map. Performance test results show that the system is stable, reliable and has interface refresh time of 1 second.

Hadoop based online query and analysis platform

JIANG Peng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2015, 28(5):  115-119.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2015.05.019

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To satisfy the requirement of indepth mining and online query for big data, we construct a distributed, scalable, lowcost, and highcapacity parallel computing cluster. It implements SQL query for semistructured data, and provides standard external interfaces.