山东科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 56-66.doi: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240087

• 农业微生物 • 上一篇    下一篇

大姜根腐病生防木霉菌株的分离与鉴定

蒋艳青1,2(), 杨建闻3, 李杨3, 孙海森3, 扈进冬1, 李纪顺1, 杨合同1, 吴远征1,*()   

  1. 1.齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) 山东省科学院生态研究所 山东省应用微生物重点实验室,山东 济南 250103
    2.齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) 生物工程学院,山东 济南 250353
    3.山东泰诺药业有限公司,山东 潍坊 262200
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-08-05
  • 通信作者: 吴远征 E-mail:yanqing597976@163.com;wuyzh@sdas.org
  • 作者简介:蒋艳青(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为木霉生防机理。E-mail:yanqing597976@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2022TSGC2370);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MC085);齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)科教产融合创新试点工程项目(国合专项)(2024GH15)

Isolation and identification of Trichoderma strains against ginger root rot

JIANG Yanqing1,2(), YANG Jianwen3, LI Yang3, SUN Haisen3, HU Jindong1, LI Jishun1, YANG Hetong1, WU Yuanzheng1,*()   

  1. 1. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology,Ecology Institute,Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
    2. School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan 250353,China
    3. Shandong Tenov Pesticide Co., Ltd., Weifang 262200, China
  • Received:2024-07-15 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-08-05
  • Contact: WU Yuanzheng E-mail:yanqing597976@163.com;wuyzh@sdas.org

摘要:

大姜根腐病是大姜种植中危害较大的一种土传病害,主要由镰刀菌属引起,发病时能够引发大姜的严重减产甚至绝产。从大姜种植区土壤中分离获得了34株有抑菌活性的木霉,根据抗生作用、拮抗系数与产孢能力筛选得到了高效拮抗尖孢镰刀菌大姜专化型(Foz)的木霉菌株3株:TW20111、TW20321和TW20323。通过形态学观察和分子生物学鉴定,TW20111为深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride),TW20321和TW20323均为哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)。采用温室盆栽实验和田间小区试验检测了3株木霉对大姜根腐病的防治效果,温室盆栽条件下哈茨木霉TW20321防效最好,达86.33%,且对大姜株高有显著的促生效果;田间小区试验发现3株生防木霉菌株的两两复配效果显著高于单独施用,其中TW20111+TW20321联合施用的防效最高,为68.90%,对大姜株高和单株产量的促进作用也最好,分别较对照组提高了19.31%和27.43%。该研究为研发有效防治大姜根腐病的新型生物农药提供了依据。

关键词: 木霉, 大姜根腐病, 尖孢镰刀菌大姜专化型, 生物防治

Abstract:

Ginger root rot is a soil-borne disease in ginger planting, which is mainly caused by Fusarium spp. and can induce serious reduction or even extinction of ginger yield. Thirty-four Trichoderma strains with antifungal activity were isolated from the soil collected from representative ginger planting areas in Shandong province. Based on their antibiotic properties, antagonistic coefficients, and spore production capabilities, three highly effective Trichoderma strains were selected for their antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi (Foz): TW20111, TW20321, and TW20323. Morphological observations and molecular biological identifications classified strain TW20111 as Trichoderma atroviride and strains TW20321 and TW20323 as Trichoderma harzianum. The efficacy of these three Trichoderma strains in controlling ginger root rot was assessed under greenhouse and field conditions. Under greenhouse conditions, T. harzianum TW20321 showed the highest control efficacy of 86.33%, significantly promoted ginger plant height, and moderately increased ginger yield compared to carbendazim treatment. Field experiments revealed that the control efficacy of any two combined Trichoderma strains was significantly higher than that of a single strain, with the combination of TW20111 and TW20321 achieving the highest control efficacy of 68.90%. This combination also resulted in the greatest increases in plant height and single plant yield, which rose by 19.31% and 27.43%, respectively, compared to the control group.This study provided a basis for the development of new bio-pesticides for the effective control of ginger root rot.

Key words: Trichoderma spp., ginger root rot, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi, biocontrol

中图分类号: 

  • S476.1

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