活性炭改性微球抑藻效能及控制微囊藻毒素释放的机制

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025066

山东科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 65-75.doi: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025066

活性炭改性微球抑藻效能及控制微囊藻毒素释放的机制

文鑫茹¹(), 周媛², 邓恬恬¹, 王香春², 杨潍琪¹, 张立秋¹, 封莉¹^,^*()

¹ 北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院污染水体源控制与生态修复技术北京市高等学校工程研究中心, 北京 100083
² 中国城市建设研究院有限公司住房城乡建设部生态与园林工程技术创新中心, 北京 100120

收稿日期:2025-06-09 修回日期:2025-07-08 出版日期:2026-10-20 上线日期:2026-01-07
通信作者: *封莉,女,教授,研究方向为水污染控制与生态修复。E-mail:fengli_hit@163.com,Tel:15810056290
作者简介:文鑫茹(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为水污染控制与生态修复。E-mail:wenxinru56@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42177051);中国城市建设研究院有限公司自立课题(Y09E24009)

Study on algae inhibition efficiency of activated carbon-modified microspheres and mechanism of microcystin release control

WEN Xinru¹(), ZHOU Yuan², DENG Tiantian¹, WANG Xiangchun², YANG Weiqi¹, ZHANG Liqiu¹, FENG Li¹^,^*()

¹ Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
² Ecology and Landscape Architecture Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100120, China

Received:2025-06-09 Revised:2025-07-08 Published:2026-10-20 Online:2026-01-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对蓝藻水华引发的生态安全与健康风险,亟需突破现有抑藻技术存在的化学二次污染、物理成本高、生物响应慢等局限,开发高效安全的新型抑藻材料。本研究开发了一种环境响应型活性炭缓释微球(CM-AC@SM),包埋抑藻活性物质没食子酸与焦性没食子酸。重点探究了温度和pH对微球缓释性能的调控作用,并评估其对铜绿微囊藻的抑制效果及藻毒素(MC-LR)的调控作用。结果表明,微球具有温度/pH双重响应性,其释药速率及溶胀倍率均与温度呈显著正相关,且在较高pH条件下显著提升。在模拟水华环境(35 ℃, pH 9.0)中,微球展现出卓越的性能:抑藻率显著提升23.7%~41.5%,同时降低MC-LR释放量达62.3%,有效减少环境风险,并通过促进MC-LR胞内积累量增加38.9%,实现“截留增效”控制。CM-AC@SM微球创新性地通过环境触发缓释机制,协同驱动“胞内毒素合成抑制-胞外泄漏屏障”双路径调控,这一双路径协同机制有效规避了传统化学杀藻“藻亡即毒释”的风险,最终实现了控藻与生态毒性削减的协同目标。

关键词: 缓释微球, 化感作用, 没食子酸, 抑藻技术, 藻毒素

Abstract:

To address the ecological and health risks associated with frequent cyanobacterial blooms, it is crucial to overcome the limitations of existing algal control technologies—such as secondary chemical pollution from chemical methods, the high cost of physical methods, and the slow response of biological approaches—by developing efficient and environmentally safe algal inhibitors. In this study, an environmentally responsive, activated carbon-based sustained-release microsphere (CM-AC@SM), encapsulating gallic acid and pyrogallic acid, was developed. The effects of temperature (15, 25, 35 ℃) and pH (5.0, 7.0, 9.0) on its release performance were systematically investigated, and its inhibitory effect on Microcystis aeruginosa as well as its regulation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) were evaluated. The results showed that the microspheres exhibit dual responsiveness to temperature and pH: both the drug release rate and swelling ratio were significantly positively correlated with temperature, and notably increased under high-pH conditions. Under simulated algal bloom conditions (35 ℃, pH 9.0), the microspheres demonstrated excellent performance—the algae inhibition rate increased significantly by 23.7% to 41.5%, and the MC-LR release rate decreased by 62.3%, effectively mitigating environmental risk. Furthermore, they promoted intracellular accumulation of MC-LR by 38.9%, achieving enhanced control through a “retention and efficacy boosting” effect. The CM-AC@SM microspheres innovatively employ an environment-triggered sustained-release mechanism to synergistically drive a dual-path regulation strategy—namely, inhibition of intracellular toxin synthesis and blockade of extracellular leakage. This dual-path synergy effectively avoids the traditional issue with chemical algicides of “toxin release upon algal death”, ultimately achieving coordinated goals of algae inhibition and ecological toxicity reduction.

Key words: sustained-release microspheres, allelopathy, gallic acid, algae-control technology, microcystins

中图分类号:

X171

文鑫茹, 周媛, 邓恬恬, 王香春, 杨潍琪, 张立秋, 封莉. 活性炭改性微球抑藻效能及控制微囊藻毒素释放的机制[J]. 山东科学, 2026, 39(5): 65-75.

WEN Xinru, ZHOU Yuan, DENG Tiantian, WANG Xiangchun, YANG Weiqi, ZHANG Liqiu, FENG Li. Study on algae inhibition efficiency of activated carbon-modified microspheres and mechanism of microcystin release control[J]. Shandong Science, 2026, 39(5): 65-75.

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时间/d	生长抑制率/%
时间/d	15 ℃	25 ℃	35 ℃
1	30.4±4.8	13.0±3.3	35.0±1.3
3	23.4±3.5	39.4±6.7	43.0±3.0
5	24.2±1.1	42.8±3.7	50.8±3.0
7	18.0±5.4	49.4±2.3	60.3±1.5
9	13.7±4.8	62.3±0.7	66.1±3.0

时间/d	生长抑制率/%
时间/d	pH=5.0	pH=7.0	pH=9.0
1	6.3±0.1	13.0±3.3	37.2±1.0
3	23.9±1.4	39.4±6.7	68.3±1.9
5	32.0±2.9	42.8±3.6	74.3±2.2
7	37.2±0.5	49.4±2.3	70.1±1.5
9	46.8±1.7	62.3±0.7	65.7±1.0

组别	藻密度/mL^-1
组别	第7天	第14天
对照组	(6.51±0.35)×10⁶	(19.20±0.62)×10⁶
CM-AC@SM	(3.17±0.20)×10⁶	(11.19±0.75)×10⁶
PA+GA	(1.23±0.05)×10⁶	(0.55±0.06)×10⁶

活性炭改性微球抑藻效能及控制微囊藻毒素释放的机制

Study on algae inhibition efficiency of activated carbon-modified microspheres and mechanism of microcystin release control

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