高速离心泵内热敏流体非定常空化流动特性研究

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20260046

山东科学

• 能源与动力 •

高速离心泵内热敏流体非定常空化流动特性研究

曹毅^{1, 2}，段天思^{1, 2}，王聪³

1. 北京航天石化技术装备工程有限公司，北京，100176； 2. 北京航化节能环保技术有限公司，北京，100176； 3. 齐鲁工业大学（山东省科学院）能源研究所，山东济南，250014

收稿日期:2026-03-03 接受日期:2026-03-31 出版日期:2026-10-21 上线日期:2026-10-21
通信作者: 曹毅 E-mail:caoy2@calt11.cn
作者简介:曹毅（1991-），男，硕士，研究方向为先进储能系统中的流体动力学与传热传质。E-mail: caoy2@calt11.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（52406049）；山东省青年托举项目（SDAST2025QTA021）；山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2024ME249）

Study on unsteady cavitation flow characteristics of thermo-sensitive fluids in a high-speed centrifugal pump

CAO Yi^{1, 2}, DUAN Tiansi^{1, 2}, WANG Cong³

1. Beijing Aerospace Petrochemical Technology Equipment Engineering Co., Ltd. , Beijing 100176, China； 2. Beijing Aerospace Petrochemical EC and EP Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China； 3. Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China

Received:2026-03-03 Accepted:2026-03-31 Published:2026-10-21 Online:2026-10-21
Contact: CAO Yi E-mail:caoy2@calt11.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高速离心泵在输送液氢、液氮等热敏流体过程中，入口处易发生非定常空化，严重威胁运行安全。为揭示其非定常空化演化规律及能量耗散机制，本文结合实验与数值模拟开展系统研究。构建了高速离心泵空化流动可视化试验平台，利用高速摄像捕捉不同工况（流量、转速、来流温度）下热敏流体（LM-8冷媒）的空化形态演变，并同步测量泵的外特性。在数值研究中，建立了考虑热力学效应的非定常空化模型，并引入两相流熵产诊断方法，对空化过程中的局部不可逆能耗进行定量解析。结果表明：随流量增加，空化区域收缩，临界汽蚀余量升高，但扬程受湍流扰动影响而下降；随转速升高，扬程与空化系数增大，空化形态由多区域云状向单区域霰状演变；随来流温度升高，饱和蒸气压升高，空化在更高汽蚀余量下即发生，且过程更为剧烈。熵产分析揭示，界面相变熵产与湍流脉动熵产是能量耗散的主要来源。转速由2 100 r/min升至3 500 r/min时，界面熵产值占比由2.27%骤增至54.3%，总熵产由1 815 W/K提升至56 002 W/K。研究成果为高速离心泵在航天、核能等领域的优化设计与故障诊断提供了理论依据。

关键词: 高速离心泵, 热敏流体, 空化可视化, 非定常流动, 数值模拟, 熵产诊断

Abstract: During the transportation of thermo-sensitive fluids such as liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen, unsteady cavitation is prone to occur at the inlet of high-speed centrifugal pumps, which poses a serious threat to operational safety. To reveal the evolution of unsteady cavitation and the associated mechanism of energy dissipation, this study combines experimental measurements with numerical simulations. A visualization test platform for cavitating flows in a high-speed centrifugal pump was established, and high-speed imaging was used to capture the evolution of cavitation patterns of a thermo-sensitive fluid (LM-8 refrigerant) under various operating conditions (flow rate, rotational speed, and inlet temperature), while the external performance of the pump was measured simultaneously. In the numerical study, an unsteady cavitation model considering thermodynamic effects was developed, and a two-phase entropy production diagnostic method was introduced to quantitatively analyze local irreversible energy dissipation during the cavitation process. The results show that with increasing flow rate, the cavitation region shrinks and the critical net positive suction head (H_NPS) increases, but the head decreases due to turbulence-induced disturbances; as the rotational speed increases, the head and cavitation coefficient increase, and the cavitation pattern evolves from a multiregion cloud-like structure to a single-region sleet-like structure; with increasing inlet temperature, the saturated vapor pressure rises, causing cavitation to occur at higher H_NPS values and making the process more intense. Entropy production analysis reveals that interfacial phase-change entropy and turbulence-induced fluctuation entropy are the main sources of the total energy dissipation. When the rotational speed increases from 2 100 r/min to 3 500 r/min, the proportion of interfacial entropy production rises sharply from 2.27% to 54.3%, while the total entropy production increases from 1 815 W/K to 56 002 W/K. These findings provide theoretical support for the optimization and fault diagnosis of high-speed centrifugal pumps in aerospace, nuclear energy, and other fields.

Key words: high-speed centrifugal pump, thermo-sensitive fluid; cavitation visualization, unsteady flow, numerical simulation, entropy production diagnosis

中图分类号:

TK79

曹毅, 段天思, 王聪. 高速离心泵内热敏流体非定常空化流动特性研究[J]. 山东科学, 0, (): 1-.

CAO Yi, DUAN Tiansi, WANG Cong. Study on unsteady cavitation flow characteristics of thermo-sensitive fluids in a high-speed centrifugal pump[J]. Shandong Science, 0, (): 1-.

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高速离心泵内热敏流体非定常空化流动特性研究

Study on unsteady cavitation flow characteristics of thermo-sensitive fluids in a high-speed centrifugal pump

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