基于液相色谱-质谱的西洋参不同部位人参皂苷差异性分析

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025064

山东科学

• 中药与天然活性产物 •

基于液相色谱-质谱的西洋参不同部位人参皂苷差异性分析

刘月萌^1,2, 董红敬^1,2, 谢瑶³, 王晓^1,2，刘静^3*, 李丽丽^1,2*

1. 齐鲁工业大学（山东省科学院）山东省分析测试中心天然产物分离提取共性技术创新与应用山东省工程研究中心, 山东济南 250014；2. 齐鲁工业大学（山东省科学院）药学院山东省高等学校天然药物活性成分研究重点实验室，山东济南 250014；3. 北京东方红航天生物技术股份有限公司，北京 100043

收稿日期:2025-05-27 接受日期:2025-09-24 上线日期:2025-12-12
通信作者: 刘静，李丽丽 E-mail:liujing@edongfanghong.com; liliouc@126.com
作者简介:刘月萌（2001-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：中药药效成分分析及质量控制研究。E-mail: 1446671108@qq.com
基金资助:
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目（CI2021B013）；财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-21）

Difference analysis of ginsenosides in different parts of Panax quinquefolius L. based on liquid chromatography –mass spectrometry

LIU Yuemeng^1,2, DONG Hongjing^1,2, XIE Yao³, WANG Xiao^1,2, LIU Jing^3*, LI Lili^1,2*

1 .Shandong Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of General Technology for Separation of Natural Products, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. 2. Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. 3. Beijing Dawn Aerospace Bio-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100043, China

Received:2025-05-27 Accepted:2025-09-24 Online:2025-12-12
Contact: LIU Jing, LI Lili E-mail:liujing@edongfanghong.com; liliouc@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人参皂苷是西洋参重要的化学成分，与其药理活性密切相关。本研究通过超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术对西洋参根、叶和种子三个部位的人参皂苷进行高通量分析，从不同部位中鉴定出72种人参皂苷。单变量和多变量分析发现西洋参不同部位的人参皂苷含量和种类均存在显著差异。基于统计显著性（p＜0.05）和生物学显著性（变化倍数＞4），在根与叶比较中，筛选出23种差异皂苷；在根与种子比较中，筛选出26种差异皂苷；在叶与种子比较中，筛选出27种差异皂苷。含量分析发现叶子和根中Rg1、Re、Rb1总量大致相同，均大于种子，其余大部分人参皂苷在叶和根中的含量均高于种子样品。西洋参特有的拟人参皂苷F11在叶中的含量最高，而乙酰化拟人参皂苷F11在根中的含量最高。20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1、乙酰化人参皂苷Rg1和quinquenoside IV在三个部位中均有显著性差异，可用于三个部位的鉴别。本研究揭示了西洋参三个部位中人参皂苷的区别，为西洋参的高效开发利用提供技术支撑。

关键词: 西洋参根, 西洋参叶, 西洋参种子, 人参皂苷, 超高液相色谱-质谱

Abstract: Ginsenosides are important chemical components ofPanax quinquefoliusL. and are closely related to its pharmacological activities. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS) was used for high-throughput analysis of ginsenosides in the roots, leaves, and seeds ofPanax quinquefoliusL., leading to the identification of 72 ginsenosides across these parts. Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in the content and types of ginsenosides among the different plant parts. Based on statistical significance (p< 0.05) and biological significance (fold change > 4), 23 differential saponins were identified in the roots vs. leaves comparison, 26 in the roots vs. seeds comparison, and 27 in the leaves vs. seeds comparison. Content analysis revealed that the total amounts of Rg1, Re, and Rb1in the leaves and roots were roughly equivalent and higher than in the seeds, while most other ginsenosides were more abundant in the leaves and roots than in the seeds. The pseudo-ginsenoside F11, which is unique toPanax quinquefoliusL., was most abundant in the leaves, whereas acetylated pseudo-ginsenoside F11 was most abundant in the roots. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh1, acetylated ginsenoside Rg1, and quinquenoside IV were all significantly different among the three parts and could serve as markers for differentiation. This study reveals distinct ginsenoside profiles in the roots, leaves, and seeds ofPanax quinquefoliusL.,, providing technical support for its efficient development and utilization.

Key words: Panax quinquefolius L., ginsenosides, plant parts, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS)

中图分类号:

R284.1

刘月萌, 董红敬, 谢瑶, 王晓, 刘静, 李丽丽. 基于液相色谱-质谱的西洋参不同部位人参皂苷差异性分析[J]. 山东科学, 0, (): 1-.

LIU Yuemeng, DONG Hongjing, XIE Yao, WANG Xiao, LIU Jing, LI Lili. Difference analysis of ginsenosides in different parts of Panax quinquefolius L. based on liquid chromatography –mass spectrometry[J]. Shandong Science, 0, (): 1-.

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基于液相色谱-质谱的西洋参不同部位人参皂苷差异性分析

Difference analysis of ginsenosides in different parts of Panax quinquefolius L. based on liquid chromatography –mass spectrometry

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