固定公交与柔性公交模式选择研究

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 固定公交与柔性公交模式选择是提升城市公交运营绩效的有效途径。针对现有研究仅考虑乘客需求的影响，该文综合考虑需求强度、服务区域和街区尺度，基于两类公交系统的成本构成，分别建立了系统成本最小化的公交容量及发车间隔决策模型。给出了两类公交最优的公交车容量及发车间隔的解析解，推导了公交模式选择条件，以及需求强度、服务区域尺度和街区尺度的临界值公式。研究表明，柔性公交的接送成本和固定公交的乘客步行成本是决定公交模式选择的关键因素。当两者满足特定的大小关系时，需求强度、服务区域尺度和街区尺度将影响公交模式选择，否则不产生影响。通过算例，验证了柔性公交和固定公交的选择方法。研究结果可为实际的公交模式选择提供决策依据。

关键词: 公交模式选择, 固定公交, 柔性公交, 需求强度, 服务区域尺度, 街区尺度

Abstract: Selecting between fixed-route and flexible-route bus systems is a critical strategy for improving the operational efficiency of urban public transit. While most existing studies focus primarily on passenger demand, this study adopts a more comprehensive perspective by incorporating demand intensity, service area size, and block size. Based on the cost structures of both fixed- and flexible-route systems, mathematical models are developed to determine the optimal vehicle capacities and departure intervals that minimize total system costs. Closed-form solutions for these optimal values are derived for both transit modes. In addition, the study identifies the conditions under which each system is preferable, and derives threshold formulas for demand intensity, service area size, and block size. Research demonstrates that the operating costs of flexible bus systems (particularly pickup/drop-off costs) and passenger walking costs in fixed-route systems are pivotal determinants in transit mode selection. These cost factors exhibit threshold-dependent effects: only when their quantitative relationship meets specific conditions do demand intensity, service area scale, and block size significantly influence mode choice. Numerical simulations validate the proposed mode selection methodology between flexible and fixed-route bus systems. The findings provide actionable decision support for real-world transit planning applications.

Key words: transit mode selection, fixed transit, flexible transit, demand intensity, service area size, block size

中图分类号:

U121

孙丙琦, 张勇, 秦菲菲. 固定公交与柔性公交模式选择研究[J]. 山东科学, 0, (): 1-.

Sun Bingqi, Zhang Yong, Qin Feifei. Fixed- and flexible-route transit mode selection[J]. Shandong Science, 0, (): 1-.

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