钢中微米夹杂物分布特征及其对力学性能的影响研究

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 受炼钢工艺和环境条件的影响，钢材中通常有夹杂物的存在。为了研究微米夹杂物尺寸和分布对金属材料力学性能的影响规律，实验采用真空电弧熔炼方法控制微米Al₂O₃粉末的质量分数（添加量）分别为0%、0.2%、0.6%、1%、2%，制备不同微米夹杂物含量的样品。利用计算机层析成像和扫描电镜的方法对熔炼样品中微米夹杂物尺寸进行统计分析，结果表明大部分夹杂物尺寸在5 μm以下，且夹杂物数量含量随Al₂O₃粉末的添加量逐渐增多。采用压痕法对熔炼样品的力学性能进行测试，结果表明添加一定量的微米夹杂物能提高材料力学性能，当Al₂O₃粉末的添加量超过1%时，抗拉强度的增速减缓，屈服强度的增速下降。对熔炼样品进行扫描电镜观察发现，随着Al₂O₃粉末添加量的增多，夹杂物倾向于发生团聚成大尺寸夹杂物，或聚集成夹杂物团簇区域。大尺寸夹杂物和夹杂物团簇会产生局部应力集中，进而导致微米夹杂物对材料力学性能的强化作用产生了不利影响。

关键词: 微米夹杂物, 夹杂物统计, 扫描电镜, 压痕实验, 力学性能

Abstract: Under the current technological conditions, inclusions have become inevitable in steel. To investigate the impact of micron-sized inclusions on the mechanical properties of metals, vacuum arc melting was used to control the mass fractions (contents) of micron Al?O? powder at 0%, 0.2%, 0.6%, 1%, and 2%, thereby preparing samples with different contents of micron-sized inclusions. Statistical analysis of inclusion sizes via computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that most inclusions had a size of <5 μm. Moreover, the quantity of inclusions proportionally increased with increasing Al?O? content. Mechanical properties were tested using the indentation method; the test results indicated that the addition of a certain amount of micron-sized inclusions can enhance the mechanical performance of a metal. However, when the Al?O? content exceeded 1%, the tensile strength increase slowed down and the yield strength decreased. SEM observations revealed that at high Al?O? content, inclusions tended to agglomerate into large inclusions or clusters, which caused local stress concentration. This phenomenon in turn negatively affected the strengthening effect of the micron-sized inclusions on the mechanical properties of the investigated metal.

Key words: micron-sized inclusions, inclusion statistics, scanning electron microscopy, indentation method, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TB302

王正慈, 刘珑, 田力男, 刘哲, 孙伟, 刘永超, 温培建, 张青. 钢中微米夹杂物分布特征及其对力学性能的影响研究[J]. 山东科学, 0, (): 1-.

WANG Zhengci, LIU Long, TIAN Linan, LIU Zhe, SUN Wei, LIU Yongchao, WEN Peijian, ZHANG Qing. Distribution of micron inclusions in steel and their impact on its mechanical properties[J]. Shandong Science, 0, (): 1-.

参考文献

[1] 张学伟, 张立峰, 杨文, 等. 非金属夹杂物三维形貌及其包裹的非夹杂物颗粒物来源分析[J]. 冶金分析, 2016, 36(11): 1-10. DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1000-7571.009950.

[2] 吕利达, 陈广兴, 刘少先. 合金化热镀锌IF钢板表面短白条缺陷产生原因及演变机理研究[J]. 宝钢技术, 2024(5):41-46. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0716.2024.05.008.

[3] 邱健兴. Q345qD桥梁板低温冲击性能不合格原因分析[J]. 物理测试, 2024, 42(6): 46-50. DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0777.20230124.

[4] 李东远, 宋述鹏, 卢泽, 等. 900 MPa级管线钢热处理工艺优化及韧性波动分析[J]. 武汉科技大学学报, 2024, 47(6): 411-419.

[5] 李静媛, 章为夷, 魏成富, 等. 钢中夹杂物与钢的性能及断裂[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2012.

[6] 刘强, 李想, 程慧静, 等. 基于X射线显微镜的钢中夹杂物三维结构分析[J]. 冶金分析, 2024, 44(11): 20-27. DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1000-7571.012514.

[7] 张国滨, 宁玫, 周欣欣. 钢中非金属夹杂物分析[J]. 理化检验-物理分册, 2021, 57(12): 1-7.

[8] 耿鑫, 宋波, 刘涛, 等. 38CrMoAl钢精炼过程夹杂物生成及演变规律[J]. 中国冶金, 2022, 32(11): 106-114. DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-9356.20220419.

[9] 代维, 朱祥, 康文捷, 等. Inconel600合金管冷拉拔开裂原因[J]. 机械工程材料, 2021, 45(6): 14-19. DOI: 10.11973/jxgccl202106003.

[10] ZERBST U, MADIA M, KLINGER C, et al. Defects as a root cause of fatigue failure of metallic components. II: Non-metallic inclusions[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2019, 98: 228-239. DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.01.054.

[11] 王妍, 尹治力, 杜进英. 特大型支承辊断裂原因分析[J]. 大型铸锻件, 2023(1): 36-39. DOI: 10.14147/j.cnki.51-1396/tg.2023.01.007.

[12] SONG Y, ZHANG H N, REN L. A review of research on MnS inclusions in high-quality steel[J]. Engineering Reports, 2024, 6(5): e12892. DOI: 10.1002/eng2.12892.

[13] 刘强, 楚雪峰, 潜美丽. ICP-AES法测定低合金钢中锰含量的标准比较[J]. 山西冶金, 2024, 47(9): 4-7. DOI: 10.16525/j.cnki.cn14-1167/tf.2024.09.002.

[14] GHOSH A, MODAK P, DUTTA R, et al. Effect of MnS inclusion and crystallographic texture on anisotropy in Charpy impact toughness of low carbon ferritic steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2016, 654: 298-308. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2015.12.047.

[15] WU M, FANG W, CHEN R M, et al. Mechanical anisotropy and local ductility in transverse tensile deformation in hot rolled steels: The role of MnS inclusions[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2019, 744: 324-334. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.12.026.

[16] 王举金, 张立峰, 任英. 炼钢过程反应热力学与动力学及其在数值模拟仿真的应用研究进展[J]. 工程科学学报, 2024, 46(11): 1960-1977. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.10.26.003.

[17] 张博文, 李小勇, 余慧, 等. 无取向硅钢凝固相变及析出相热力学计算与分析[J]. 河北冶金, 2023(12): 20-27. DOI: 10.13630/j.cnki.13-1172.2023.1203.

[18] 王国承. 钢中夹杂物尺寸控制理论与技术[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2015.

[19] 沈鸿葵, 林峰, 韩明亮, 等. 轻质高熵高温合金成分设计研究进展[J]. 中国材料进展, 2025, 44(1): 40-48.

[20] 郭顺, 王朋坤, 顾介仁, 等. 电弧熔炼Ti6Al4V/B4C复合材料微观组织与力学性能[J]. 焊接学报, 2022, 43(9):62-68. DOI:10.12073/j.hjxb.20220403002.

[21] 严春莲, 尹立新, 任群, 等. 钢中夹杂物扫描电镜自动统计分析结果的影响因素探讨[J]. 冶金分析, 2018, 38(8): 1-10. DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1000-7571.010282.

[22] YOSHINAKA F, NAKAMURA T, TAKEUCHI A, et al. Initiation and growth behaviour of small internal fatigue cracks in Ti-6Al-4Vviasynchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography[J]. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 2019, 42(9): 2093-2105. DOI: 10.1111/ffe.13085.

[23] 汤铮, 马娟娟, 李伟斌, 等. 基于神经网络的连续球压痕法预测钢轨钢拉伸力学性能[J]. 机械制造, 2024, 62(8): 75-78.

[24] 方健, 董莉, 陈天斌, 等. 仪器化压入技术在高铁轮辋原位性能表征中的应用[J]. 中国科学(物理学、力学、天文学), 2023, 53(1):115-127.

[25] CHEN H, CAI L X, BAO C. Equivalent-energy indentation method to predict the tensile properties of light alloys[J]. Materials & Design, 2019, 162: 322-330. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2018.11.058.

[26] 黄远涛, 郭峰. 基于夹杂物控制工艺的Q235B热轧板失效机理及优化研究[J]. 金属材料与冶金工程, 2024, 52(4): 12-16.