基于国产高分系列的水质遥感监测技术研究进展

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水质作为支撑人类社会可持续发展的关键自然资源,其监测与评估对于水环境保护和生态平衡的维护至关重要。遥感技术,凭借其远距离探测的特性,展现出快速、高效、广覆盖及高精度的技术优势,尤其适用于大范围、动态的水环境监测。近年来,我国在遥感卫星技术领域取得了显著进展,国产高分卫星系列的成功部署与高质量数据的持续产出,为水质监测领域带来了新的机遇。系统性地梳理并归纳了国产高分卫星系列数据在水质监测中的应用现状,特别是关键水质参数的遥感反演技术,并提出了未来研究的方向,包括多源数据融合技术、算法与模型的优化以及理论模型的研究,可为今后国产卫星水质监测的发展和研究提供参考。

关键词: 水质监测, 遥感技术, 国产高分卫星, 水质参数反演, 水环境保护

Abstract:

Water quality monitoring and assessment are crucial for sustainable use of water resources and the preservation of aquatic ecosystems. Remote sensing technology, with its unique capability for long-distance detection, offers rapid, efficient, wide-coverage, and high-precision monitoring, and it is particularly suitable for large-scale, dynamic water environment surveillance. In recent years, China has made remarkable progress in the field of remote sensing satellite technology. The successful deployment and continuous high-quality data output of the domestic high-resolution satellite series have brought new opportunities for realizing advanced water quality monitoring. This paper systematically reviews and summarizes the current applications of data obtained from the Gaofen satellite series for water quality monitoring, focusing on the remote-sensing inversion of key water-quality parameters. Furthermore, it outlines future research directions, including the integration of multi-source data, optimization of algorithms and models, and the development of theoretical models. This study provides detailed references for the future development and research on water quality monitoring using domestic satellites.

Key words: water quality monitoring, remote sensing technology, domestic Gaofen satellite, water quality parameter inversion, water environmental protection

中图分类号:

TP79

顾平, 王鹏杰, 王国梁, 徐盛荣, 赵然, 张蕊, 张晓蕾, 闫昕诚, 高云锋, 王娜. 基于国产高分系列的水质遥感监测技术研究进展[J]. 山东科学, 2025, 38(3): 40-50.

GU Ping, WANG Pengjie, WANG Guoliang, XU Shengrong, ZHAO Ran, ZHANG Rui, ZHANG Xiaolei, YAN Xincheng, GAO Yunfeng, WANG Na. A review on water quality remote sensing technology based on domestic Gaofen series satellites[J]. Shandong Science, 2025, 38(3): 40-50.

图/表 2

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名称	载荷配置
高分一号(GF-1)	2台2 m全色/8 m多光谱相机,16 m宽幅相机(WFV)
高分二号(GF-2)	2台1 m全色/4 m多光谱相机,双相机拼幅实现45 km幅宽
高分三号(GF-3)	1 m C波段SAR
高分四号(GF-4)	可见近红外相机,分辨率50 m,幅宽400 km 中波红外相机,分辨率400 m,幅宽400 km
高分五号(GF-5)	可见短波红外高光谱相机,幅宽60 km,分辨率30 m 全谱段光谱成像仪,幅宽60 km,分辨率20~40 m 大气主要温室气体监测仪,幅宽870 km,分辨率10.3 km 2台大气环境红外甚高分辨率探测仪,视场角1.25 mrad 大气气溶胶多角度偏振探测仪,总视场[-50, 50]
高分六号(GF-6)	2 m/8 m全色多光谱相机
高分七号(GF-7)	立体测绘相机(前后视相机分辨率0.8 m) 激光测高仪,测距精度0.3 m