氨燃气轮机回热循环热力学分析

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240041

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为应对能源需求缺口和人类对美好环境的追求,氨燃料以其零碳、能量密度大、生产运输成本低等因素,被认为是未来最具潜力的燃料之一,但纯氨燃烧仍有整体循环效率不高的问题。结合氨燃气轮机排出烟气的最高温度以及氨燃气轮机循环中最低温度液氨相变温度,匹配了再热式朗肯循环作为底循环,提出一种氨燃气轮机回热循环系统。利用热力学第一定律和热力学第二定律对系统热力学性能进行分析和评价,开展了氨燃气轮机进口温度和压力对整体循环性能影响的研究。结果表明,在氨燃气轮机进口温度不超过1 400 ℃、进口压力低于0.5 MPa时,联合循环对氨燃气轮机循环的效率最高提升了33.38%;联合热力循环的最高效率为60.13%;联合循环有良好的热力学性质和能量回收率;在燃气轮机进口压力不超过0.5 MPa时,回热循环效率随氨燃气轮机进口温度升高和压力提升而提高。本研究为提升氨燃料的高效利用和氨燃气轮机循环实际使用提出了新的探索角度,为氨燃气轮机系统的能源利用做出前瞻性探讨。

关键词: 氨燃气轮机, 再热式朗肯循环, 回热循环, 联合循环, 热力学分析

Abstract:

In the pursuit of bridging the energy demand gap and striving for a pristine environment, ammonia fuel has emerged as one of the most promising fuels of the future. Zero carbon emissions, high energy density, and low production and transportation costs make it a promising candidate. However, challenges persist regarding the overall efficiency of pure ammonia combustion. This paper proposes a regenerative cycle in an ammonia gas turbine that matches the reheat Rankine cycle, considering the maximum temperature of the exhaust gas from the turbine and phase transition temperature of liquid ammonia in the turbine cycle. We conducted a thermodynamic analysis and evaluated the system performance based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics and analyzed the influence of the inlet temperature and pressure of the ammonia gas turbine on the overall cycle performance. The results indicate that the combined cycle has improved the efficiency of the ammonia gas turbine by up to 33.38% and the maximum efficiency achieved by the combined thermodynamic cycle is 60.13%,when the inlet temperature of an ammonia gas turbine does not exceed 1 400 ℃ and the inlet pressure remains below 0.5 MPa. Furthermore, the combined cycle exhibits outstanding thermodynamic properties and energy recovery rates. Additionally, the efficiency of the regenerative cycle increases with increasing the inlet temperature and pressure of the ammonia gas turbine, provided that the inlet pressure does not exceed 5 MPa. New perspectives have been proposed to enhance the operational efficiency of ammonia-powered gas turbines and promote the efficient utilization of ammonia as a fuel. This study proposes novel perspectives towards enhancing the efficient utilization of ammonia fuel and the actual efficiency of ammonia gas turbine cycles, providing a forward-looking exploration for the energy utilization of ammonia gas turbine systems.

Key words: ammonia gas turbine, reheat Rankine cycle, regenerative cycle, combined cycle, thermodynamic analysis

中图分类号:

TK121

申芷瑄, 梁世强. 氨燃气轮机回热循环热力学分析[J]. 山东科学, 2025, 38(1): 64-73.

SHEN Zhixuan, LIANG Shiqiang. Thermodynamic analysis of the regenerative cycle in an ammonia gas turbine[J]. Shandong Science, 2025, 38(1): 64-73.

图/表 11

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本文所用符号及定义"

符号	定义	单位	符号	定义	单位
W	功率	kW	η	效率
m	质量流量	kg/s	E	㶲流量	kJ/s
LHV_f	燃料低位热值	kJ/kg	$E -$	摩尔化学㶲	kJ/mol
q	热值	kJ/kg	x	摩尔分数

表2

表3

图2

图3

表4

表5

表6

图4

图5

参考文献 15

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状态	p/MPa	t /℃	汽化温度/℃	焓值H/(kJ·kg^-1)	汽化潜热/(kJ·kg^-1)
初始液氨	0.1	-34.00	-33.59	188.92	1 370.25
加压后液氨	0.5	-33.95	4.14	189.48	1 247.34
	1	-33.88	24.90	190.20	1 166.18
	2	-33.74	49.35	191.66	1 053.71
	3	-33.61	65.73	193.95	964.53

组分	标准摩尔化学㶲 /(kJ·mol^-1)
H₂O	9.49
N₂	0.72
O₂	3.97
NH₃	812

参数	数值
空气压缩机空气进口状态	25 ℃/0.1 MPa
空气压缩机压比	5
空气压缩机等熵效率	0.85
液氨进口状态	-34 ℃/0.1 MPa
液氨泵压比	5
液氨泵效率	0.9
空气和氨气的预热温度	400 ℃
燃气轮工质进口状态	1 000 ℃/0.5 MPa
燃气轮机等熵效率	0.9
氨流量	80 kg/s

参数	数值
高压汽轮机工质进口状态	538.00 ℃/16.2 MPa
中压汽轮机工质进口状态	538.00 ℃/4.0 MPa
低压汽轮机工质进口状态	341.86 ℃/1.03 MPa
高压、中压和低压汽轮机效率	0.9
锅炉给水泵工质进口状态	165.52 ℃/1 MPa
冷凝泵工质进口状态	35.63 ℃/0.01 MPa
锅炉给水泵、冷凝泵等熵效率	0.75
循环水流量	205 kg/s

参数	数值
氨燃气轮机发电功率	878 873 kW
液氨泵功率	59 kW
高压汽轮机发电功率	77 654 kW
中压汽轮机发电功率	70 583 kW
低压汽轮机发电功率	125 661 kW
锅炉给水泵和冷凝泵功率	4 858 kW
氨燃气轮机循环效率	35.48%
再热式朗肯循环效率	45.93 %
回热循环整体效率	55.15%