π共轭有机小分子在表面增强拉曼散射中的应用

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025118

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）技术因其高灵敏度和独特的分子“指纹”识别能力，在痕量分析领域具有重要应用价值。然而，传统SERS基底存在成本高、生物相容性差以及信号重复性不佳等问题。而π共轭有机小分子凭借其可设计的电子结构、高结晶度和优异的电荷转移特性，为开发新型SERS基底提供了突破性方案。本文系统综述了π共轭有机小分子在SERS技术中的研究进展与应用。通过分子工程调控共轭体系的能级和取代基，可显著提高化学增强效应。通过进一步构建有机/二维材料复合体系，实现了电磁增强与化学增强的协同效应，大幅提高了信号稳定性和检测灵敏度。同时该类材料在环境监测中展现出重要应用价值，成功实现了对微纳塑料、抗生素及细菌相互作用的高灵敏度、高选择性、无荧光干扰检测。π共轭有机小分子SERS基底为发展低成本、生物相容性分析平台开辟了新途径。相关研究有望通过深化构效关系理解、优化设计，进一步推动SERS技术在单分子科学及复杂环境实时监测中的实用化进程。

关键词: 表面增强拉曼散射, π共轭有机小分子, 有机/二维异质结, 环境污染物检测

Abstract: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique for trace analysis owing to its exceptional sensitivity and unique molecular “fingerprint” recognition capability. However, the widespread application of traditional SERS substrates remains limited by factors such as high cost, poor biocompatibility, and unsatisfactory signal reproducibility. π-Conjugated organic small molecules (π-COSMs), with their tunable electronic structures, high crystallinity, and superior charge-transfer properties, provide a promising strategy for developing novel SERS substrates. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in applying π-COSMs to SERS technology. Molecular engineering strategies, including precise modulation of energy levels and substituents within the conjugated system, have been shown to significantly enhance the chemical enhancement (CE) mechanism. Furthermore, constructing organic/two-dimensional material heterostructures enables a synergistic effect between electromagnetic enhancement and CE, substantially improving signal stability and detection sensitivity. These π-COSM-based substrates have shown significant potential in environmental monitoring, offering highly sensitive, selective, and fluorescence-free detection of microplastics and nanoplastics, antibiotics, and their interactions with bacteria. In summary, π-conjugated molecules open a new avenue for developing low-cost and biocompatible SERS platforms. Future research focusing on an in-depth understanding of structure–activity relationships and optimized design is expected to further promote the practical application of SERS technology in single-molecule science and real-time monitoring within complex environments.

Key words: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, π-Conjugated organic small molecules, Organic/2D heterojunctions, Environmental pollutant detection

中图分类号:

O657.3

刘玫. π共轭有机小分子在表面增强拉曼散射中的应用[J]. 山东科学, 0, (): 1-.

LIU Mei. Applications of π-conjugated organic small molecules in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy[J]. Shandong Science, 0, (): 1-.

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