可溶性膳食纤维在便秘小鼠模型和便秘人群中的作用和机制研究

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究可溶性膳食纤维缓解便秘的作用和机制,在便秘模型小鼠上,通过16S rRNA测序、气相质谱联用仪以及定量聚合酶链反应和免疫印迹方法,从肠道微生态相关的菌群分布、代谢产物短链脂肪酸、肠道上皮屏障等多个方面,探讨了可溶性膳食纤维缓解小鼠便秘的作用和分子机制,并在人体试验中确证了可溶性膳食纤维对便秘的缓解作用。研究发现,可溶性膳食纤维显著缓解了小鼠和便秘人群的便秘症状,其作用机制包括:增加小鼠肠道中副拟杆菌和联合乳杆菌属等益生菌的数量;促进乙酸等短链脂肪酸生成;显著提高了维护肠道屏障的完整性的肠道紧密连接蛋白基因和蛋白的表达。研究结果表明可溶性膳食纤维通过产生短链脂肪酸、改善肠道菌群和肠道屏障,对小鼠和人群均具有良好的缓解作用。该结果进一步确证了可溶性膳食纤维在便秘人群中的应用价值,为肠道研究和产品开发提供了科学依据。

关键词: 可溶性膳食纤维, 便秘, 肠道菌群, 短链脂肪酸, 肠道紧密连接蛋白

Abstract:

In order to study the role and mechanism of soluble dietary fiber in alleviating constipation, this study utilized 16S rRNA sequencing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting methods in a mouse model of constipation. From various aspects of intestinal microecology, such as the distribution of the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acid metabolites, and the intestinal epithelial barrier, this study explored the role and molecular mechanism of soluble dietary fiber in alleviating constipation in mice. The alleviating effect of soluble dietary fiber on constipation was further confirmed in human trials. This study found that soluble dietary fiber significantly alleviated the symptoms of constipation in mice and humans. The mechanisms of action are as follows: increasing the number of probiotics such as Parabacteroides and Ligilactobacillus in the intestinal tract of mice; promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids such as acetic acid; and significantly improving the expression of genes encoding the production of intestinal tight junction proteins, along with proteins themselves, which are involved in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. The results indicate that soluble dietary fiber has good alleviating effects on constipation in mice and humans, which is achieved through the production of short-chain fatty acids, the improvement of the gut microbiota, and the enhancement of the intestinal barrier. This study further confirms the value of soluble dietary fiber for application in constipated populations, providing a scientific basis for intestinal research and product development.

Key words: soluble dietary fiber, constipation, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, intestinal tight junction proteins

中图分类号:

TS218

谢瑶, 张志飞, 王泉博, 穆岩. 可溶性膳食纤维在便秘小鼠模型和便秘人群中的作用和机制研究[J]. 山东科学, 2025, 38(4): 28-38.

XIE Yao, ZHANG Zhifei, WANG Quanbo, MU Yan. A study on the role and mechanism of soluble dietary fiber in a mouse constipation model and constipated human population[J]. Shandong Science, 2025, 38(4): 28-38.

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分级	得分	症状
I级	0分	排便正常
II级	2分	仅有下坠感、不适感或有便频但排便困难而量少,较少出现腹痛或肛门烧灼感
III级	3分	排便时间超过15 min、经常出现腹痛或肛门烧灼感,影响排便

分级	得分	症状
I级	0分	像香肠或蛇平滑而且软或者像香肠但表面有裂痕,或者软的团块,有明显的边缘(容易排出)
II级	1分	香肠形状但有团块或者松散的块状,边缘粗糙,像泥浆状的粪便
III级	2分	分离的硬团,像果核(不易排出)

组别	干预前/次	干预后/次	增加率/%	同组前后差异
对照组	0.286±0.047	0.313±0.047	11.04±18.07	P>0.05
膳食纤维组	0.289±0.059	0.472±0.098	67.22±34.45	P<0.01
组间差异	P>0.05	P<0.01	P<0.01

组别	干预前得分	干预后得分	下降率/%	同组前后差异
对照组	1.232±0.468	1.050±0.296	8.30±31.31	P>0.05
膳食纤维组	1.284±0.446	0.850±0.376	30.23±27.96	P<0.01
组间差异	P>0.05	P<0.01	P<0.01

组别	干预前得分	干预后得分	下降率/%	同组前后差异
对照组	1.149±0.369	1.041±0.287	5.72±24.99	P>0.05
膳食纤维组	1.195±0.385	0.761±0.357	33.12±33.27	P<0.01
组间差异	P>0.05	P<0.01	P<0.01