基于太阳能制氢和高温质子交换膜燃料电池的冷热电联供系统性能分析

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.06.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设计了一种基于太阳能制氢和高温质子交换膜燃料电池的冷热电联供系统,运用Matlab软件搭建了该联供系统的数学模型,分析了该系统在额定工况下的运行情况。重点研究了变压吸附分离率、高温质子交换膜燃料电池电流密度、工作温度等关键参数对系统?效率和一次能源利用率以及系统输出的冷热电负荷的影响。研究结果表明:在额定输入甲醇流率下,该联供系统白天制氢的6 h期间输出功率为236.68 kW,同时还可为工厂提供1 180.30 kW的热负荷及165.14 kW的冷负荷; 24 h内可输出电功2.30×10⁷ kJ,输出热负荷2.55×10⁷ kJ,冷负荷1.43×10⁷ kJ,联供系统24 h的?效率为69.18%,一次能源利用率为91.69%;联供系统中?损最大的设备依次是燃烧室、换热器3和太阳能重整器。

关键词: 冷热电联供系统, 太阳能甲醇重整制氢, 高温质子交换膜燃料电池, 热力性能分析

Abstract:

A combined cooling, heating, and power system based on solar hydrogen production and high-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell is developed in this study. A mathematical model of the system is built using the Matlab software to analyze the operation conditions of the system under rated working condition. The key design parameters, such as the pressure swing adsorption separation rate, current density, and working temperature of the high-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell are studied emphatically to explore their impact on exergy efficiency; primary energy efficiency; and the cooling, heating, power loads of the system. The results demonstrate that the combined cooling, heating, and power system can provide the power load of 236.68 kW, heating, and cooling loads of 1 180.30 kW, and 165.14 kW, respectively, during a 6 h hydrogen production period under the design flow rate of input methanol. The system can output power, heating, and cooling loads of 2.30 × 10⁷, 2.55 × 10⁷,and 1.43 × 10⁷ kJ every 24 h. The 24 h exergy and the primary energy efficiency of the system are 69.18% and 91.96% respectively. Further, it is observed that the largest exergy loss occurs in the burning room, heat exchanger 3, and solar reforming-reaction generator.

Key words: combined cooling,heating,and power system, solar methanol reforming for hydrogen production, high-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell, thermodynamic analysis

中图分类号:

TK019

宋锐, 姬锋军, 宋举星, 韩吉田. 基于太阳能制氢和高温质子交换膜燃料电池的冷热电联供系统性能分析[J]. 山东科学, 2022, 35(6): 92-102.

SONG Rui, JI Feng-jun, SONG Ju-xing, HAN Ji-tian. Thermodynamic analysis of combined cooling,heating and power system based on solar hydrogen production/high-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Shandong Science, 2022, 35(6): 92-102.

图/表 10

图1

表1

联供系统中各部件?平衡表达式"

系统部件	㶲平衡方程
溶液泵	$E x 1 + W P U M P = E x 2 + I P U M P$
换热器1	$E x 2 + E x 5 = E x 3 + E x 6 + I H E 1$
太阳能重整器	$E x 3 + E x Q, S O L A R = E x 5 + I S O L A R$
换热器2	$E x 6 + E x L 3 = E x 7 + E x L 4 + I H E 2$
节流阀1	$E x 8 = E x 9 + I T V 1$
PSA	$E x 9 + W P S A = E x 10 + E x 14 + I P S A$
燃烧室	$E x 11 + E x 10 = E x 12 + I B$
换热器3	$E x 12 + E x L 5 = E x 13 + E x L 6 + I H E 3$
节流阀2	$E x 15 = E x 16 + I T V 2$
HT-PEMFC	$E x 20 + E x 17 + E x 18 = E x, o u t + E x 19 + W H T - P E M F C + I H T - P E M F C$
HT-PEMFC换热器	$E x 19 + E x g 2 = E x 18 + E x g 1 + I H E_H T - P E M F C$
发生器	$E x L i B r, x 2 + E x g 1 = E x L i B r, n 1 + E x g 2 + E x G, v, o u t + I G$
冷凝器	$E x C, v, i n + E x w 1 = E x w 2 + E x C, w, o u t + I C$
节流阀3	$E x C, w, o u t = E x E, w, i n + I T V 3$
蒸发器	$E x E, w, i n + E x s 1 = E x s 2 + E x E, v, o u t + I E$
吸收器	$E x A, v, i n + E x w + E x L i B r, n 2 = E x L i B r, x 1 + E x w 1 + I A$
溶液热交换器	$E x L i B r, n 1 + E x L i B r, x 1 = E x L i B r, x 2 + E x L i B r, n 2 + I H E_R Y$
空气换热器	$E x w 2 + E x Q, H E_A I R = E x w + I H E_A I R$

表1

图2

表2

表3

表4

图3

图4

图5

图6

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参数名称	数值	参数名称	数值
环境温度/K	298.15	电流密度/(A·cm^-2)	0.60
环境压力/kPa	101.33	HT-PEMFC工作温度/K	413.15
甲醇流率/(kg·s^-1)	0.15	HT-PEMFC阴极进口温度/K	298.15
水醇比	1.30	HT-PEMFC阳极进口温度/K	313.42
甲醇转化率/%	100.00	HT-PEMFC阴极进口压力/kPa	263.45
每摩尔甲醇产氢量/mol	2.95	HT-PEMFC阳极进口压力/kPa	263.45
变压吸附分离率/%	65.00	蒸发器冷冻水进口温度/K	286.15
甲醇溶液泵等熵效率/%	80.00	蒸发器冷冻水出口温度/K	281.15
重整反应温度/K	503.15	发生器热源温度/K	378.15
重整反应压力/kPa	2 000.00	发生器热源压力/kPa	263.45
PSA进口混合气体温度/K	313.15	冷凝器冷却水进口温度/K	305.15
PSA进口混合气体压力/kPa	1 080.00	冷却水总温升/K	6.00
PSA驰放气压力/kPa	120.00	冷却水在吸收器与冷凝器温升比	1.4:1.1
燃烧室效率/%	95.00	LiBr稀溶液再循环倍率	20.00
单电池反应面积/cm²	280.00

参数名称	数值	参数名称	数值
单电池数目	1 985.00	甲醇溶液泵耗功/kW	0.51
单电池电压/V	0.83	太阳能提供热量/kW	668.58
HT-PEMFC输出功率/kW	276.41	PSA耗功/kW	39.22
白天6 h联供系统输出功率/kW	236.68	HT-PEMFC电堆热负荷/kW	217.08
白天6 h联供系统供冷量/kW	165.14	制冷剂流率/( kg·s^-1)	0.07
白天6 h联供系统供热量/kW	1 180.30	HT-PEMFC发电效率/%	56.01
联供系统24 h输出电功/kJ	2.30×10⁷	联供系统24 h㶲效率/%	69.18
联供系统24 h供冷量/kJ	1.43×10⁷	联供系统24 h能源综合利用效率/%	75.72
联供系统24 h供热量/kJ	2.55×10⁷	联供系统24 h一次能源利用效率/%	91.69

节点	温度/K	压力/kPa	流量/( kg·s^-1)	节点	温度/K	压力/kPa	流量/( kg·s^-1)
1	298.15	101.33	0.26	g2	373.15	263.45	10.29
2	298.39	1 500.00	0.26	LiBr,x₁	311.51	0.94	0.62
3	393.15	1 500.00	0.26	LiBr,x₂	345.56	7.58	0.62
4	503.15	2 000.00	0.26	LiBr,n₁	369.15	7.58	0.55
5	503.15	2 000.00	0.26	LiBr,n₂	326.51	0.94	0.55
6	452.52	2 000.00	0.26	G,v,out	369.15	7.58	0.07
7	314.05	2 000.00	0.26	C,v,in	369.15	7.58	0.07
8	314.05	2 000.00	0.23	C,w,out	310.65	7.58	0.07
9	313.15	1 080.00	0.23	E,w,in	279.15	0.94	0.07
10	313.15	120.00	0.21	E,v,out	282.15	0.94	0.07
11	298.15	101.33	3.37	A,v,in	282.15	0.94	0.07
12	611.31	130.00	3.58	s1	286.15	101.33	7.87
13	323.15	130.00	3.58	s2	281.15	101.33	7.87
14	313.15	1 080.00	0.02	w	305.15	101.33	15.32
15	313.15	1 080.00	0.004 5	w1	308.51	101.33	15.32
16	313.42	263.45	0.004 5	w2	311.15	101.33	15.32
17	298.15	263.45	0.22	L3	295.15	400.00	0.56
18	388.15	263.45	10.24	L4	338.15	400.00	0.56
19	393.15	263.45	10.24	L5	295.15	101.33	0.40
g1	378.15	263.45	10.29	L6	433.15	101.33	0.40