玉米秸秆还田及腐熟剂对小麦产量、土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2018.02.005

山东科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 25-31.doi: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2018.02.005

玉米秸秆还田及腐熟剂对小麦产量、土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响

陈士更^1,2，宋以玲²，于建²，肖承泽²，李玉环¹，丁方军^1,2*，张民¹

1.土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室，山东农业大学资源与环境学院，山东泰安 271018；2.农业部腐植酸类肥料重点实验室，山东农大肥业科技有限公司，山东泰安271600

收稿日期:2017-10-13 出版日期:2018-04-20 发布日期:2018-04-20
通信作者: 丁方军（1964—），男，副教授，研究对象为土壤肥料学、新型肥料研发及生产技术研究。E-mail:sdndfyjs@163.com E-mail:sdndfyjs@163.com
作者简介:陈士更（1979—），男，硕士研究生，研究对象为新型肥料的研发与应用。E-mail:chen-shigeng@163.com
基金资助:
泰山产业领军人才工程(LJNY201612)；山东省重点研发计划（2015GNC110025）

Effects of maize straw incorporation and decomposing inoculants on wheat yield, soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities

CHEN Shi-geng^1,2，SONG Yi-ling²，YU Jian²，XIAO Cheng-ze²，LI Yu-huan¹,DING Fang-jun^1,2*，ZHANG Min¹

1.National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Taian 271600, China

Received:2017-10-13 Online:2018-04-20 Published:2018-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过田间小区试验，研究了玉米秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对土壤理化性状、微生物数量、酶活性及小麦产量的影响。结果显示，与秸秆未还田处理（CK）相比，秸秆还田（T1）和秸秆还田配施腐熟剂处理（T2）显著降低了土壤容重，提高了根际土壤细菌和放线菌数，以及土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性，进而提高了土壤有效养分和有机质含量，最终产量分别显著提高了10.33%和13.46%；此外，T2与CK相比，降低了根际土壤真菌数，提高了土壤过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性，而T1处理的差异不明显。结果表明，秸秆还田可通过改善土壤微生物群落的数量和多样性来调节土壤酶活性和养分含量，优化根际生长环境，促进小麦生长。其中，秸秆还田配施腐熟剂的处理效果最佳，可在北方玉米种植区推广应用。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 土壤微生物, 腐熟剂, 土壤酶活性

Abstract:

The effects of maize straw incorporation and decomposition inoculants on soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass, enzyme activity and wheat yield were studied by field experiment. Results showed that, compared with the treatment that without straw incorporation (CK), straw incorporation (T1) and straw incorporation with decomposition inoculants (T2) significantly decreased soil bulk density, increased the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, and the activities of some rhizosphere soil enzyme, such as soil urease, neutral phosphatase and invertase, and further increased the content of soil available nutrients and organic matter, and the final wheat yields significantly increased by 10.33% and 13.46%, respectively. In addition, compared with CK, T2 decreased the number of fungi, and increased soil catalase and dehydrogenase activity in rhizosphere soil, but the differences in T1 treatment were not obvious. In summary, straw return could regulate soil enzyme activity and nutrient content by improving microbial community biomass and diversity, thus optimizing rhizosphere environment and promoting wheat growth. Among them, the treatment effect of straw incorporation with decomposition inoculants was better than only straw incorporation treatment, which could be popularized and applied in maize planting area of the north of China.

Key words: straw returning, soil microorganism, soil enzyme activities, decomposing inoculants

中图分类号:

S154.3

陈士更，宋以玲，于建，肖承泽，李玉环，丁方军，张民. 玉米秸秆还田及腐熟剂对小麦产量、土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J]. 山东科学, 2018, 31(2): 25-31.

CHEN Shi-geng，SONG Yi-ling,YU Jian2XIAO Cheng-ze，LI Yu-huan,DING Fang-jun，ZHANG Min. Effects of maize straw incorporation and decomposing inoculants on wheat yield, soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities[J]. SHANDONG SCIENCE, 2018, 31(2): 25-31.

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玉米秸秆还田及腐熟剂对小麦产量、土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响

Effects of maize straw incorporation and decomposing inoculants on wheat yield, soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities

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