Table of Content

29 May 2020 Volume 33 Issue 3

  

Prevention and Conrol of COVID-19

Application of blood lactic acid biosensor in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19

SUN Hui-nan, GAO Guang-heng , LIU Qing-ai , MA Yao-hong, LI Jing , SHI Jian-guo

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  1-6.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.001

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The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused serious harm.The rapid diagnosis and precise treatment of COVID-19 are major challenges currently facing. In this paper, the clinical application of blood lactic acid index and blood lactic acid biosensors in recent years were reviewed. It is suggested that blood lactic acid level or blood lactate clearance is an important biochemical indicator for the severity stratification, evaluation of clinical therapeutic effect and prognosis of the disease. POCT blood lactic acid biosensor technology is fast, economical and realiable,which can realize the rapid and continuous diagnosis of blood lactic acid in clinical patients or indiciduals (family),and it is conducive to the severity stratification and evaluation of clinical therapeutic effect. It also helps patients identify their own condition in time, relieve psychological concerns, and promote physical recovery.

Analysis and response of COVID-19 prevention planning based on ultraviolet and wind environment simulation in Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital

SUN Qiang, BIAN Xin

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  7-17.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.002

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Using network open data, Auto CAD 2008, Sun Analysis 7.5, and PHOENICS 2011, a 3D model of buildings in Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital and its surrounding areas are established to perform the simulation and superposition analysis of sunlight ultraviolet rays and wind environment, which lays a foundation for the establishment of prevention and control early warning mechanism. Results show that the overall outdoor ground height of the hospital exhibits good sunlight and ultraviolet sunshine environment. During the winters and springs, the overall wind speed at the outdoor pedestrian height in the isolated medical area is not good. The wind speed in the medical and nursing living area and the comprehensive logistics area is conducive to the natural dissipation of pollutants in winters; however, it is not good during the springs. Under the working conditions during winters and springs, the wind pressure difference on the building surface of the medical living area and the logistics support area is conducive to the indoor natural ventilation as a whole. Therefore, it is still necessary to conduct daily cleaning and disinfection and perform key epidemic prevention work, as well as the outdoor detection of the virus.

Advances in research on disposable medical protective clothing

XU Rui-dong, TIAN Ming-wei

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  18-27.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.003

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In view of the development status of medical protective clothing in China, the important performance and standard of disposable medical protective clothing in recent years are systematically reviewed. Barrier antibacterial , antimicrobial and antistatic properties are important properties of disposable medical protective clothing, which can be improved by such as fiber modification, blending and coating finishing agent. The performance standard of medical protective clothing is constantly improved and refined, but the requirements for convenience and comfort are still lacking. Textile-based flexible sensors have a broad application prospect in realizing the intellectualization of medical protective clothing, but the problems such as preparation cost, use efficiency and wearability are still huge challenges.

Technical standards and prospects of medical masks

LI Ming, TIAN Ming-wei

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  28-34.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.004

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Considering the current situation fighting against the COVID-19 and the demand for medical masks in China, the technical standards, preparation technology, protective effectiveness and development of medical masks were summarized in this paper. The advantages of various medical masks in protective performance were also analyzed and compared，then the reasonable suggestions on the application scope of masks were proposed. Results show that GB 19083—2010 medical protective masks with electret treatment have the highest filtering efficiency compared to other types of medical masks, which is not less than 95%. It is suitable for the protection of medical personnel and related staff in the department of infectious diseases or virus. However, there are still some problems such as poor air permeability and no antibacterial property. In the analysis, the new type of medical masks with high antibacterial, high resistance to virus and comfortable wearing are the most desirable properties in the near future.

Oceanographic Science, Technology and Equipment

Pre-estimate of the full-scale fishing ship resistance based on the CFD method

YU Hui-bin, ZHANG Qi, LI Xiao-feng, LIU Tie-sheng, YU Dong, GUI Hong-bin

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  35-39.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.005

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To pre-estimate the full-scale fishing ship resistance, this paper takes a 11.75 m fishing ship as the research object,and a complete set of methods is developed to convert the numerical simulation result of the ship model to a full-scale ship based on the CFD method. The results denote that this method can effectively estimate the hull resistance of the fishing ships and reduce the design cost. Based on the vertical hydrodynamic of the ship, the reasons for the peak point and valley point on the curve of the resistance are analyzed explaining the manner in which the resistance increases initially and subsequently decreases with increasing speed of the ship.

Control and realization of an active striking box wave maker based on PLC and servo motor

HAO Zong-rui, LI Chao, ZHANG Hao, HUA Zhi-li , REN Wan-long

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  40-44.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.006

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In order to study the wave making technology of active striking box in a wide glass water tank（10 m×0.5 m）, this paper designed a wave making system based on a PLC motion controller, servo motor and driver, industrial computer and wave height acquisition instrument. The system implements an active wave making algorithm in the PLC motion control program according to the hydrodynamic parameters. It not only uses the AC servo driver and the motor of the same size to complete the wave making undulations of the wedge plate, but also controls the overall state of the wave making machine system through the man-machine interface on the industrial computer. To improve the control accuracy, the closed-loop control of wave height and frequency based on a PID algorithm is added to the external closed-loop control of the servo driver. A practical application shows that the system can ensure the accuracy and stability of control by real-time feedback of the waveform, and achieve the purpose of active wave making.

Traditional Chinese medicine and natural active products

Development of certified reference material of maltitol

DUAN Wen-juan, LI Yue, GENG Yan-ling, WANG Xiao

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  45-52.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.007

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Maltitol with the purity of over 99% was prepared by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from maltitol products available in the market. The structure of the purified product was confirmed by UV, IR, LC-MS, and NMR. The purity of the sample was determined by HPLC-ELSD, TLC and thermogravimetric analysis. The sample was separately packed according to a specification of 10 mg per bottle. Homogeneity and stability tests and cooperative certification were conducted by HPLC-ELSD. The results showed that the sample had good homogeneity and stability. The certified value of maltitol was 99.64% with an expanded uncertainty of 0.50% at a confidence level of 95%. The certified reference material of maltitol meets the requirements of the Directives for the Work of Reference Materials (GB/T 15000) and can be used for content determination, detection method evaluation, and quality control of maltitol and related products.

Investigation on preparation process of pigskin collagen peptide-zinc chelate

WU Jia-jin, BIAN Zhi-jie, ZHU Yue, ZHANG Xue-tao, PANG Li-dan, GAO Peng

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  53-61.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.008

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This paper studies the preparation process of pigskin collagen peptide-zinc chelate. Pigskin was used as a raw material to prepare the pigskin collagen peptide-zinc chelate, and the effect of mass ratio of pigskin collagen peptide and zinc, pH, temperature, and time on the chelating rate, which was used as the index, was studied. We used a single-factor method and the response surface method to investigate zinc-rich technology of pigskin peptide. The results showed that the best technology for pigskin peptide-zinc chelation involved pigskin peptide-zinc mass ratio of 2:1 and a process with pH 7.0, 50 ℃, and 50 min for the chelation, resulting in the highest chelating rate of 69.27%, which was close to the predicted 69.92%. This study provides a basis for the development of new biological peptide-zinc chelation and the maximum utilization of pigskin.

Study of the volatile components in Panax quinquefolius L. with different drying methods

LI Li-li, ZHANG Min-min, LI Meng, ZHAO Heng-qiang, GENG Yan-ling

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  62-67.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.009

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The volatile components in Panax quinquefolius L. under heat-drying and freeze-drying conditions were studied using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. A total of 52 volatile components were identified in Panax quinquefolius L., including 11 kinds of alcohols, 8 kinds of ketones, 12 kinds of aldehydes, 5 kinds of pyrazines, 5 kinds of esters, 4 kinds of acids, and 2 kinds of alkenes, etc.,based on the retention time of gas chromatography and drift time of ion mobility spectrometry. Principal component analysis showed that the volatile components in Panax quinquefolius L. were significantly influenced by the drying methods. In comparison with freeze-dried Panax quinquefolius L., the mass fractions of esters, acids, ketones, alkenes, and pyrazines in heat-dried Panax quinquefolius L. increased, while those of aldehydes and alcohols decreased. The mass fractions of certain esters (ethyl lactate, ethyl propionate, ethyl-2-methylpropionate, and pentyl acetate), acids (2-methylbutanoic acid), ketones (2-pentanone, hydroxyacetone, and pentane-2,3-dione), alkenes (styrene and α-pinene) and pyrazines (2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethylpyrazine, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine) in the heat-dried Panax quinquefolius L.significantly increased. Moreover, the mass fractions of aldehydes (octanal, furfural, n-nonanal, heptanal, and (E)-2-heptenal) and alcohols (n-hexanol, (E)-3-hexene-1-ol, and (Z)-3-hexene-1-ol) in the freeze-dried Panax quinquefolius L.significantly increased.

Pharmacology and Toxicology

The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of different extract parts from the roots of Mahonia bealei evaluated by fuzzy matter-element model based on the coefficient of variation

CAO Guo-qiong, HONG Lin, PU Lan, LI Bing-bing, ZHANG Yong-ping

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  68-74.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.010

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To screen the effective parts from the roots of Mahonia bealei for anti-inflammatory and analgesic, and explore the application of fuzzy matter-element model in the comprehensive evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of different extract parts from the roots of Mahonia bealei. The acetic acid twisting method, the tail-immersion test, and the hot plate method were used, and the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were investigated by mouse models of plantar swelling and auricle swelling. The fuzzy matter-element model based on the weighting variation coefficient was used for the evaluation of the comprehensive intervention effect. The nearness degree was calculated and compared among the model group (M₁), positive control group (M₂), water extract group (M₃), ethanol extract group(M₄), n-butanol extract group (M₅), ethyl acetate extract group (M₆), and petroleum ether extract group (M₇) for anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The findings showed that different extract parts from the roots of the Mahonia bealei have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, but the degree varies. The values of nearness degree, defined for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, were sorted from the largest to the smallest: M₆, M₄, M₃, M₅, M₂, M₇, and M₁. The fuzzy matter-element model based on the weighting variation coefficient can be used to screen the best effective extract part with ethyl acetate from roots of the Mahonia bealei and evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the different extract parts from the roots of Mahonia bealei objectively and scientifically.

New Materials

Optical properties of Cs-Pb-Br system perovskite materials

CHEN Si-tong, YIN Yan-yan, YIN Min, XUE Fu-min, SUN Qi-lei

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  75-81.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.011

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This paper mainly discusses the optical properties of three different compounds CsPbBr₃, CsPb₂Br₅ and Cs₄PbBr₆，which exist stably in the whole inorganic perovskite materials in the Cs-Pb-Br ternary system. This study summarized and analyzed the preparation method, structural characteristics, and luminescence mechanism research. Among them, CsPb₂Br₅ and Cs₄PbBr₆ have large energy gap, but also have excellent fluorescence characteristics, the contradiction between theory and experimental conclusion has caused great controversy. It is expected to have more direct experimental data to determine the structure of the material, so the luminescence mechanism of Cs-Pb-Br ternary inorganic perovskite materials will be discovered.

Analysis of fatigue fracture failure mechanism of a coated steel roller of LT1350 coating line

LI Hui-rong , LI Zhi

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  82-86.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.012

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The coated steel roller is subjected to bending moment and torque during operation. Under the effect of a small alternative load, the roller shaft prematurely experiences fatigue fracture failure, and the fracture mode is brittle fracture. The occurrence of fatigue fracture is a result of combined actions of several factors. The main factors are as follows: alternating cyclic stress; stress concentration at the root of the shaft caused by the change in shaft diameter; the change of microstructure in the welded joint region of steel roller caused by the fusion welding process ; the welding defects in weld joint region;surface state after welding. These factors lead to defects in welded joint region and surface of the components to become the origin of fatigue microcrack initiation. Existence of welding residual stress increases the average stress, which causes the weld defects to accelerate toward the inside of the adjacent shaft body and causes the roller shaft to prematurely experience fatigue fracture failure.

Energy and Power

External flow field analysis and streamlined improvement of a car

LIU Jin, JIANG Hui-lue, LIU Bo, DU Da-wei

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  87-92.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.013

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Based on a miniature car as a prototype, a numerical simulation of the aerodynamic characteristics of the car's three-dimensional external flow field is carried out. By analyzing the pressure field between the original car and the improved streamlined car at different speeds, and comparing the aerodynamic drag values.The results show that the pressure distribution of the improved streamlined car has been effectively improved at the normal driving speed of 20 m/s or the limiting driving speed of 50 m/s. The aerodynamic drag of the car is 6.67% at the normal driving speed of 20 m/s, and it can still reduce the resistance by 4.55% at the limiting driving speed of 50 m/s. The improved car can effectively reduce the aerodynamic drag value, and improve the power and fuel economy of the car. 

Monthly solar radiation re-estimation in Shandong based on Angstrom-Prescott model and spatial interpolation 

WANG Ren-zheng, SHAN Zheng-duo, WANG Jian-xin, MENG He, GONG Xiang

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  93-99.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.014

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Based on the Angstrom-Prescott model and spatial interpolation method, an estimation method of monthly solar radiation in Shandong Province is constructed herein, and the accuracy of the proposed method is verified using the radiation observation data from three national stations （Jinan, Juxian, and Fushan） and those from Heze, Liaocheng, Zibo, and Qingdao. First, based on the observation data of radiation and sunshine percentage between 1992 to 2015 from the three national stations, the Angstrom-Prescott model coefficients (A-P coefficients) in different months are obtained using the least square fitting method and verified using the observation data in 2016. Then, the solar radiation in Heze, Liaocheng, Zibo, and Qingdao is estimated using different spatial interpolation methods, and an optimal spatial interpolation method is selected based on these results. Finally, this method is compared with other methods in literature. The estimation results of monthly solar radiation in the national stations in 2016 show that the monthly average σMRE is approximately 3.5%, and the monthly average σ_RMSE is approximately 17 MJ/m²~24 MJ/m², proving that the A-P coefficient has a high accuracy. From the estimation results of monthly solar radiation in Heze, Liaocheng, Zibo, and Qingdao stations, the minimum curvature method with the least error (σ_MRE is approximately 7.22%, σ_RMSE is approximately 16 MJ/m²~69 MJ/m²) is selected as the optimal spatial interpolation method. Compared with other methods in literature, results show that the accuracy of monthly solar radiation estimation based on the proposed method is higher, and it can be extended to other regions.



Blockchain

Design of cloud identity management trust model based on blockchain technology

ZHU Xi, WU Hao

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  100-108.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.015

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A trust model of cloud identity management based on blockchain technology is proposed. The trust model allows cloud service providers to manage their trust relationship in a dynamic and distributed way without the need for centralized management organizations such as IDP. Through an effective authentication mechanism, the model allows data distributed across multiple domains to use identity information to streamline the opeartions and optimize user experience. It provides a referential solution for the security and privacy of cloud identity management. By comparing with the traditional cloud identity management model, the stability of the design is proved.



Tranfic and Transportation

Optimization of coordinated signal settings for hook-turn intersections

WANG Jian, XU Zhi-hong , TONG Wei-ping , SONG Yu-jia , LIU Zhi-yuan

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  109-118.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.016

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A mathematical model for calculating the average delay of vehicles in each lane was established according to the running characteristics of vehicles between a hook-turn intersection and adjacent conventional intersection. Taking the minimum average delay of vehicles as the objective function and the cycle length and green time as the constraints, a coordinated optimization model was established. Finally, taking two adjacent intersections in Suzhou as an example, the established method was tested on the collected data. The hook-turn intersection was set up and the signal coordination between it and the adjacent intersection was established as the improvement method. The vehicle delay in the improvement scheme and the current scheme were compared and analyzed using VISSIM software. Experimental results show that the coordinated optimization model of signals between hookturn intersections and adjacent intersections can effectively improve the traffic capacity of intersections, especially the capacity of vehicles on straight roads, and reduce the average delay of vehicles.
 

Dynamic empirical analysis of total factor productivity of ports on the Yellow River Delta

LIANG Wen-wen, LIU Rong-hua, WU Zheng

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  119-125.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.017

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The study was focused on the Laizhou, Dongying, Weifang and Binzhou ports in the Yellow River Delta, input-output data from the  ports in this region from 2010 to 2017 were selected to measure their dynamic efficiency based on DEA (data envelopment analysis) and Malmquist productivity model. The results show an increase in the overall technical efficiency of the main ports in the Yellow River Delta. From the perspective of dynamic efficiency, the Malmquist productivity growth rate of the four major ports in the Yellow River Delta area increase and is positive. There is a significant gap between the total factor productivity of different ports.The main driving factor affecting the total factor productivity of the Yellow River delta ports is not simply technological progress, but also scale efficiency changes.



Environment and Ecology

Study on treatment of highly turbid water in ceramic industry with fly ash/chitosan composite

QU Yan-ping, HU Wen-shuo, LI Hong-cui, SU Ru-shuang, HU Yong-hua, GAO Xiao-juan

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  126-132.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.018

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To solve the problem of turbidity removal from highly turbid water, this study uses composite materials prepared by acid-modified fly ash and chitosan with different mass ratios to treat highly turbid water. The effects of amount of fly ash and chitosan composite materials, stirring time, pH, and initial turbidity on the turbidity removal performance and the combined effects of various other factors were studied through single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The single-factor experiment results show that when the mass ratio of fly ash to chitosan is 6:1, the turbidity removal rate can reach 93.78%; when the composite material CWF3 dosage is 0.6 g, the turbidity removal rate can reach 73.52 %; when the stirring time is 30 min, the turbidity removal rate can reach 90.28%; when pH = 6, the turbidity removal rate can reach 84.50%; when the initial turbidity is 300 NTU, the turbidity removal rate can reach 95.67%. The orthogonal experiment results show that when the mass ratio of fly ash to chitosan is 6:1 and the optimal combination includes a dosage of 0.7 g, stirring time of 35 min, initial wastewater pH of 7, and initial wastewater turbidity of 350 NTU. Adding chitosan to acidmodified fly ash will strengthen the affinity and lower the cost. It can compensate for the shortcomings of using fly ash or chitosan alone and benefit large-scale wastewater treatment.


Modified corncob and its adsorption of Cr⁶⁺ in wastewater

LI Hong-cui, GUO An-qi, LI Yu-rong

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(3):  133-140.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.03.019

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Corncob was selected as an adsorbent to study its adsorption of Cr⁶⁺ in wastewater. Corncob was modified due to its poor adsorption effect. Subsequent to being modified with H₃PO₄, NaOH, and NaNO₂ solutions, corncob had expanded pores and increased specific surface area so that it could efficiently eliminate Cr⁶⁺ in wastewater. The experimental results show that when the initial concentration of Cr⁶⁺ in the simulated wastewater is 20 mg/L and its volume is 50.00 mL, modified corncob dosage of 0.040 g, pH of 5.00, and adsorption time of 20 min, corncob modified using NaOH solution exhibit best adsorption effect. The highest Cr⁶⁺ removal in wastewater is 96.83%. At this time, the Cr⁶⁺ adsorption process by modified corncobs is fairly consistent with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.