Table of Content

20 December 2019 Volume 32 Issue 6

  

Oceanographic Science, Technology and Equipment

Application of wireless sensor network based on ZigBee in the monitoring of the marine ecological environment

LIU Feng-qing, MA Hai-kuan, WU Ning, MA Ran, CAO Xuan

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  1-8.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.001

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A marine ecological-environment monitoring system based on ZigBee technology and an embedded platform was designed in this study to solve the problem that communication cables are easily corroded and damaged and have complicated wiring requirements. A small wireless sensor network was constructed for ocean stations or buoys using a wireless sensor network to realize wireless data transmission between the master controller and sensors. The experimental results showed that the data transmission of the wireless sensors network was stable and reliable. This study has certain practical significance and provides great convenience for marine ecological environment monitoring.

Weak signal detection technology of seawater nutrient salt

LIU Jie, LIU Yan, CAO Xuan, MA Ran, ZHANG Shu-wei, GUO Cui-lian

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  9-14.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.002

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In this study, we investigated the weak signal detection technology of seawater nutrient salt based on the principle of photoelectric detection and phase-locked amplification technology. In hardware, the weak voltage signal of the photoelectric diode was preamplified to filter the noise using the analog phase-locked amplifier circuit. Based on the STM32F401 hardware platform, the improvement of the variable step size least mean square adaptive filtering algorithm was used in software to filter the noise. Then, the weak voltage signal of the seawater nutrients was accurately detected. Long-term simulation and experimental data denote that the weak signal detection scheme of the seawater nutrients proposed in this study is considerable significance to improve the data accuracy of the nutrient sensor.

Traditional Chinese medicine and natural active products

Chemical constituents from the leaves of Dysoxylum binectariferum

YAN Hui-jiao, CHEN Yu-jie, LI Bing, CUI Li, LIU Wei, GENG Yan-ling, WANG Xiao

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  15-19.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.003

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The chemical constituents of the leaves of Dysoxylum binectariferum were isolated and purified for detailed study by using various chromatography techniques. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses identified the following three compounds: 5, 7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromone (I), scoparone (II), and methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (III). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate these three compounds from the genus Dysoxylum.

Simultaneous detection of water- and fat-soluble components of Danshen decoction slices of three origins using HPLC-DAD

ZHANG Min-min, ZHAO Zhi-guo, LIU Wei, CUI Li, WANG Dai-jie, WANG Xiao, ZHAO Heng-qiang

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  20-25.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.004

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This study determined the contents of water- and fat-soluble components of Danshen of different origins,and provided supporting data for the qualitative evaluation and rational utilization of Danshen decoction slices. We developed a method for the simultaneous determination of six water- and fat-soluble components of Danshen using HPLC-DAD . A method combined with cluster analysis was applied for differential comparison of Danshen decoction slice samples of three different origins: Shandong, Sichuan, and Yunnan. The results showed that this method could simultaneously, easily, and rapidly extract different polar components of Danshen decoction slices. There were some differences in the contents of water- and fat-soluble components in different batches of Danshen decoction slices. Among these, the content of each component in Danshen decoction slices from Sichuan was the highest, and the content of tanshinones from Shandong was better than that from Yunnan. The combination of active ingredient content and cluster analysis could achieve the conclusion of the production area.In summary, there are differences in the contents of components of Danshen decoction slices of different origins. This study provides methods and supporting data for the qualitative evaluation and rational utilization of Danshen decoction slices.

Pharmacology and Toxicology

Metabolomics mechanism of Pb²⁺induced cytotoxicity to microglial cells

MU Yan, LI Li-li, MA Shuang-shuang, SONG Yue, Wang Quan-bo

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  26-33.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.005

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The microgial cells were used as a model to study the morphological changes, cell viability, and apoptosis induced by Pb²⁺. The metabolite levels in the microglial cells exposed to Pb²⁺ or solvent were measured using UPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry. The results show that a concentration of 10 μmol/L Pb²⁺ caused significant morphology changes, decreased cell viability, and increased the cell apoptosis of microglial cells. UPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry data showed that almost 973 potential metabolite levels were significantly changed with more than 1.5 folds (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis showed that Pb²⁺ exposure group and the normal control group had obviously different clustering trends.The pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites showed that Pb²⁺ significantly changed several key metabolism pathways involved in oxidation and reduction function, including glutamine/glutamate metabolism, ascorbate/aldarate metabolism, butanoate metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. These results provide an experimental basis and theoretical reference for the toxicity mechanism and alleviation drugs development of Pb²⁺.

Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of cefathiamidine

YU Shuai, CHENG Yan, XUE Fu-min

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  34-42.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.006

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The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of cefathiamidine was investigated by thermal gravity-differential thermal gravity (TG-DTG). The thermal decomposition of cefathiamidine was accomplished in one step, and the initial decomposition temperature ranged from 430 K to 450 K. The activation energy of the thermal decomposition process of cefathiamidine was obtained using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method, and Starink method. The activation energy decreased with an increase in the thermal decomposition conversion rate. Further, the three factors of the thermal decomposition kinetics of the ceftiamidine crystals were obtained using the Málek method. The calculated E_α was 109 kJ/mol, lnA was 30.60 s^-1, and most probable kinetic model was SB(0.241 7, 0.658 9). The calculated theoretical shelf time of cefathiamidine was three years below 273.15 K.

Biosensors

Determination of milk lactose content using composite enzyme membrane biosensor based on difference method

DU Yi, ZHANG Jin-ling, ZHU Si-rong, ZHANG Li-qun, ZHAO Xiao-hua, SHI Jian-guo, BI Chun-yuan

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  43-48.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.007

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The difference method associated with biosensor was used in this study by immobilizing glucose oxidase as well as composite enzyme consisting of galactosidase and glucose oxidase onto dual hydrogen peroxide electrodes. The levels of lactose and glucose in the sample could be simultaneously determined. The results showed that the biosensor method revealed a good linearity in the lactose range of 0.00~1.50 g/L and glucose range of 0.00~1.00 g/L,the stability of the biosensor was favourable, the relative standard deviation was 1.49%, and the adding standard recovery rate ranged from 95% to 105%,no significant difference (P>0.05) was noted in the measurement results between this method and HPLC. Therefore, the difference method associated with composite enzyme membrane biosensor proposed in this study can be used for the detection of lactose in milk.

Tranfic and Transportation

Planning of the electric bus line and charging facilities and strategies

JIANG Lan-qing, ZHANG Yong

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  49-61.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.008

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Because of the unreasonable configuration of the electric bus charging facilities, research has been conducted to investigate the electric bus lines, charging facilities, and strategic planning methods. Further, a social welfare maximization model has been established by considering the charging waiting time and capacity as constraints based on the interaction between the charging station and the charging pile configuration as well as the design parameters of the bus line operation characteristics. The effect of waiting time on the queued charging time of the vehicle in the charging station is discussed in two different charging strategies. Further, the Lagrangian function algorithm and genetic algorithm are used for solving the model. The model and the algorithm are verified by considering the No. 931 pure electric bus line in Suzhou as an example. The results denote that the algorithm based on the Lagrangian function is more efficient than the genetic algorithm and that its result is more stable when compared with that of the genetic algorithm. Using a design based on the constructed model, the number of charging piles and the operating characteristic parameters of the bus line can achieve considerable social welfare for satisfying the charging waiting time constraint. The model proposed in this study can provide a decisionmaking basis for planning the electric bus routes.

Short-term traffic flow prediction algorithm based on HALRTC theory 

JIAO Xin-ping, WANG Jiang-feng, CHEN Lei, GAO Zhi-jun, DONG Jia-kuan, HUANG Hai-tao, YE Jing-song

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  62-68.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.009

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Considering the present studies on short-term traffic flow prediction algorithms focused on the lowdimension information features of traffic flow, which fails to meet the requirements of prediction accuracy, this paper introduces the high accuracy low-rank tensor completion theory to construct dynamic tensor models based on week, day, and period and designs a short-term traffic flow prediction algorithm, which combines the multi-dimensional temporal characteristics of traffic flow. The proposed prediction algorithm is verified using velocity data of the Dujiakan section of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway. The results show that this algorithm can achieve good prediction results quickly based on fewer historical data. It can achieve effective prediction for the traffic flow of weekday and weekend, and the mean value of mean absolute error is approximately 3.6%; furthermore, the fluctuation of traffic flow is tracked in real time. For the flow with missing data, the prediction accuracy of the proposed algorithm would decrease with the increase in the ratio of missing data. However, compared with the three classical prediction algorithms, the proposed algorithm shows better prediction accuracy using the preprocessed missing data. 

Robust optimization of the coordinated passenger inflow control in a metro line under uncertain passenger demand

WANG Xing-rong, WANG Shi-sheng

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  69-78.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.010

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A deterministic coordinated passenger inflow control model was formulated. and an extended model was constructed under uncertain passenger demand by introducing a robust optimization approach based on scenario analysis, where the uncertain passenger demand can be represented by several scenario sets with given probabilities.The optimal inbound passenger volume with respect to each station during each equivalent time interval can be obtained to minimize the total number of passengers stranded outside each station.Beijing Metro Batong line was considered to verify the performance of the proposed model. When compared with the deterministic model, the results denote that the robust model can reduce the sensitivity of the control strategy to uncertain passenger demand and maintain the number of stranded passengers in an acceptable range under various demand scenarios.

Analysis of operating capacity and organization of access operation at depot junction station

SONG Zhou-min, LIU Ge-hui, ZHANG Chen-xi

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  79-88.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.011

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Based on the section division method, this work analyzes the capacity of the station operation through various organization schemes, given that the operation capacity within the depot is deemed sufficient. A quantitative method of analyzing the capacity of the station operation is proposed considering the analysis of the factors influencing capacity, operation procedures, and time indicators at the junction station. The effectiveness of the method is validated using simulation software OpenTrack. Case studies show the station operation capacities through six organization schemes in a station with a single-side dual-island layout. This work provides a throretical basis for operational practice and recommends optimum organizational schemes within different time periods.

Environment and Ecology

Research on smoke monitoring system based on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle

HU Wei, LI Cheng-gong

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  89-94.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.012

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A multi-rotor UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle)monitoring system with gas sensors is constructed in this paper. It can realize rapid sampling of fixed pollution sources, and the real-time data is transferred. It is facilitate to identify the pollutant emissions rapidly and accurately. The monitoring example of a power plant shows that the system can better complete navigation, hovering, monitoring and return. It can collect environmental information at specified height and location. The monitoring method in this paper can provide a feasible solution for monitoring and obtaining evidence of fixed pollution sources.

Other Research Article

Tortula raucopapillosa (X. J. Li) R. H. Zander: a new addition to the bryoflora of Shandong Province

YANG Xiao-yan, REN Zhao-jie, GAO Yan, WU Xiao-ming, JIANG Ming-yuan, ZHOU Shu-nuo, FENG Lei, XING Li-mu

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  95-97.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.013

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Identification of a bryoflora specimen collected from Mount Tai lead to the report on Tortula raucopapillosa (X. J. Li) R. H. Zander as an addition to the bryoflora of Shandong Province, China. Detailed descriptions and an ink drawing of the  characteristics of this species are provided, whereas brief discussions and a key to the species of Tortula Hedw，and its related genus Syntrichia Brid. in Shandong Province are provided. 

Distributed fault location scheme for 10 kV cable network based on traveling wave principle

ZHANG Wei-jin, WEI Hong-wen, ZHANG Li-bin

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  98-105.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.014

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On-line fault location distance measurement is very important for fault detection and repair of urban 10 kV cable lines. Because of the complex structure of distribution lines, the existing single-terminal or double-terminal traveling wave location technology for measuring distance cannot be directly appliedIt is impossible to locate the fault point accurately, check and repair it quickly, which brings certain inconvenience and economic loss to residents′ life and enterprise production. In this study, the characteristics of voltage and current traveling wave and the refraction and reflection laws in a typical 10 kV cable network are analyzed when grounding fault occurs, particularly in the ring cabinet and at the end of the line.This paper presents the system structure and working principle of a distributed fault traveling wave ranging system installed in the ring network cabinet and the end of the line, as well as the key technologies such as high-speed data acquisition, sensor acquisition frequency band selection and the end of the line current traveling wave acquisition method,The reliability and accuracy of the technology and system are verified using several field examples.

A deep learning-based method for Chinese text-feature extraction and classification

CAO Lu-hui, DENG Yu-xiang, CHEN Tong, LI Zhao

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  106-111.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.015

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This paper proposes a text-feature extraction method based on a convolutional recurrent neural network, and in the meanwhile, it also compares the statistical methods TF-IDF and Word2vec for text-feature representation. Text features are then fed into the SVM and Random forest classifier to classify the Chinese academic papers from CNKI. Experimental results show that the classification results obtained from the feature extraction models based on the convolutional neural network and convolutional recurrent neural network are better than those obtained from the TF-IDF and Word2vec feature extraction methods. Furthermore, the classification results obtained from the SVM and Random forest classifier are slightly better than those obtained from the native neural network

A new representation of the Drazin inverse of the sum of two matrices

YANG Xiao-ying

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(6):  112-117.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.06.016

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In this study, a new representation of the Drazin inverse of the sum of two matrices is provided under certain conditions based on the definition of the Drazin inverse, the matrix decomposition philosophy, and the usage of the related properties of the Drazin inverse. This new result is an expansion of some of the existing results.