济南市冬季大气污染时空分布特征及潜在污染源区分析

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.04.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2016—2018年冬季济南市大气主要污染物和气象监测数据,对大气污染特征及潜在源区进行分析。结果表明: 2016—2018年冬季济南市环境空气中可吸入颗粒物PM₁₀和细颗粒物PM_2.5分别占首要污染物的34.7%和63.8%,轻度污染以上天数占总天数的58.6%,冬季高质量浓度PM_2.5导致年均值增加7.5 μg/m³;从空间分布来看, PM₁₀与PM_2.5空间分布为天桥区、槐荫区及平阴县质量浓度较高,SO₂则为商河县和济阳区质量浓度偏高,NO₂和CO为济阳区、天桥区和槐荫区质量浓度较高;研究期间NO₂、CO、PM₁₀、PM_2.5的质量浓度呈正相关性,相关系数均在0.7以上,推断交通源、工业燃烧源、燃煤是颗粒物的主要来源;济南市冬季的气团输送为偏南、西北、偏北和偏东4个方向,偏南和偏东气团为影响济南市冬季大气污染主要输送路径。进一步研究潜在源区贡献及浓度权重表明,济南地区大气污染物主要受本地及周边区域影响,当前大气污染呈现跨区域交叉污染特征,应建立区域联防机制,统筹研究解决区域大气环境污染突出问题。

关键词: 大气污染物, 污染特征, 潜在源区贡献, 浓度权重轨迹, 济南市

Abstract:

Using the datasets of major air pollutants and meteorological observations during the winter from 2016 to 2018 in Jinan, the characteristics of air pollution were analyzed to identify the major transport pathway of airmass. The results showed that during the winter from 2016 to 2018 in Jinan, about 63.8% and 34.7% of the major pollutants were PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, respectively. Of the total number of days, 58.6% had a pollution level worse than good polluted. The annual average concentration of PM_2.5 increased by 7.5 μg/m³ due to its high concentration in the winter. In terms of spatial distribution, the concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were high inTianqiao District, Huaiyin District, and Pingyin County; the concentration of SO₂ was high in Shanghe County and Jiyang District; and the concentrations of NO₂ and CO were high in Jiyang District, Tianqiao District and Huaiyin District. The results also showed that ρ(NO₂), ρ(CO), ρ(PM₁₀), and ρ(PM_2.5) had a positive correlation, with all r >0.7. It was inferred that traffic source, industrial combustion source, and burning coal were the major sources of particulate matter. The airmass in the winter of Jinan came from south, northwest, north, and east, and the airmass from south and east were the major transport pathway of air pollution. Further analyses of the potential source contribution and concentration weight showed that the air pollution in Jinan City was affected by the local and surrounding cities, and the current air pollution presents the characteristics of cross-contamination across regions. Therefore, a supervision and coordination mechanism for the joint prevention and control of air pollution in the region should be established to coordinate research and solve growing problems of air pollution.

Key words: air pollution, pollution characteristics, potential source contribution function, concentration weight trajectory, Jinan City

中图分类号:

王治非, 王在峰, 吕晨, 付华轩, 边萌, 孙凤娟, 张文娟. 济南市冬季大气污染时空分布特征及潜在污染源区分析[J]. 山东科学, 2023, 36(4): 114-121.

WANG Zhifei, WANG Zaifeng, LÜ Chen, FU Huaxuan, BIAN Meng, SUN Fengjuan, ZHANG Wenjuan. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of air pollution and potential source areas in winter of Jinan[J]. Shandong Science, 2023, 36(4): 114-121.

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序号	站点	区县	点位属性	序号	站点	区县	点位属性
1	机床二厂	槐荫区	国控点位	13	淮海御墅	平阴县	区县点位
2	农科所	槐荫区	国控点位	14	平阴城区	平阴县	区县点位
3	济阳城区	济阳区	区县点位	15	商河城区	商河县	区县点位
4	济阳区政府	济阳区	区县点位	16	油区管委会	商河县	区县点位
5	建工学院	历城区	省控点位	17	科干所	市中区	国控点位
6	省种子仓库	历城区	国控点位	18	山东鲁能	市中区	省控点位
7	历下区	省控点位	19	北园社区	天桥区	省控点位
8	开发区	历下区	国控点位	20	济南四建	天桥区	国控点位
9	经济学院	历下区	省控点位	21	东山小学	章丘区	区县点位
10	泉城广场	历下区	省控点位	22	章丘开发区	章丘区	区县点位
11	商职学院	历下区	省控点位	23	长清大学城	长清区	省控点位
12	市监测站	历下区	国控点位	24	长清党校	长清区	国控点位

区县	ρ(PM₁₀)/ (μg·m^-3)	ρ(PM_2.5)/ (μg·m^-3)	ρ(SO₂)/ (μg·m^-3)	ρ(NO₂)/ (μg·m^-3)	ρ(CO)/ (mg·m^-3)	ρ(O₃)/ (μg·m^-3)
槐荫区	180	100	45	61	1.7	53
济阳区	163	97	62	61	1.6	67
历城区	159	92	46	60	1.5	58
历下区	152	86	43	52	1.4	59
平阴县	180	108	52	57	1.6	62
商河县	146	97	58	50	1.5	63
市中区	148	84	33	48	1.3	61
天桥区	175	102	53	66	1.6	52
章丘区	164	94	43	48	1.4	60
长清区	150	91	44	57	1.4	62

聚类	途径区域	方向	占比/ %	ρ(PM₁₀)/ (μg·m^-3)	ρ(PM_2.5)/ (μg·m^-3)	ρ(SO₂)/ (μg·m^-3)	ρ(NO₂)/ (μg·m^-3)	ρ(CO)/ (mg·m^-3)	ρ(O₃)/ (μg·m^-3)	ρ(PM_2.5)/ ρ(PM₁₀)	风速/ (m·s^-1)	相对湿度/%
1	山东西南部、安徽北部、江苏西北部及河南东北部	偏南	19.48	195	124	46	58	1.6	46	0.630	1.16	51.1
2	蒙古、山西、河北南部、山东西部	西北	23.54	157	90	50	55	1.3	44	0.570	1.26	40.2
3	蒙古、河北、北京、天津、山东北部	偏北	39.44	124	64	39	49	1.2	36	0.516	1.77	49.0
4	河北东部、渤海、山东东部	偏东	17.54	204	129	64	66	2.1	27	0.634	1.29	57.6