基于主被动混合均衡的锂电池管理系统设计

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对锂电池组因单体电池容量不一致导致的可用容量降低和寿命缩短问题,提出了一种基于主被动混合均衡的锂电池管理系统。该系统在充电阶段采用被动均衡“消峰”,通过负载电阻消耗电压最高电池的多余能量,在放电或静止阶段采用主动均衡“填谷”,利用整组能量为电压最低电池充电,从而提升整体性能。相较于传统反激式变压器方案,该设计电路更简单,且能同时满足充放电过程的实时均衡需求。实验结果表明,该系统显著提高了电池电压一致性,促进了容量恢复,为电池组的高效稳定运行提供了可靠保障。

关键词: 锂离子电池组, 电池管理系统, 混合均衡, 电压一致性

Abstract:

To address the issues of reduced available capacity and shortened lifespan in lithium battery packs caused by inconsistent capacities of individual cells, this paper proposes a lithium battery management system based on hybrid passive-active balancing. The system employs passive balancing for “peak clipping” during the charging phase by dissipating excess energy from the highest-voltage battery cell through a load resistor. During the discharging or idle phase, active balancing is used for “valley filling” by charging the battery cell with the lowest voltage using the energy from the entire pack, thereby enhancing the overall performance. Compared with traditional flyback transformer-based solutions, the proposed design features a simpler circuit and can meet the real-time balancing requirements during charging and discharging processes. The experimental results show that the system significantly improves the voltage consistency of the battery cells and facilitates capacity recovery, thus providing reliable support for the efficient and stable operation of the battery pack.

Key words: lithium-ion battery pack, battery management system, hybrid balancing, voltage consistency

中图分类号:

TP273

王培仑, 栾兰, 李建, 刘宗振. 基于主被动混合均衡的锂电池管理系统设计[J]. 山东科学, 2026, 39(3): 121-128.

WANG Peilun, LUAN Lan, LI Jian, LIU Zongzhen. Design of a lithium battery management system based on hybrid active-passive balancing[J]. Shandong Science, 2026, 39(3): 121-128.

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状态	箱组号	有/无均衡	V_max/V	V_min/V	压差/mV	标准差/mV
初始状态	1-1	有	3.640	3.631	9	248
	1-2	无	3.630	3.619	11	226
	2-1	有	3.636	3.631	5	160
	2-2	无	3.639	3.634	5	130
当前状态	1-1	有	3.576	3.514	62	1 653
	1-2	无	3.604	3.381	223	4 701
	2-1	有	3.594	3.547	47	1 178
	2-2	无	3.613	3.478	135	4 471