黄河三角洲生态格局演变与系统性生态修复理念

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄河三角洲是黄河与海洋的交互作用在多个时空尺度上反复叠加形成的动态平衡湿地系统。由于黄河流路的频繁变动,黄河三角洲湿地经历了快速形成—发育—蚀退/演替—消亡/残存的往复演化历程。在高强度人类活动与气候变化的多重胁迫下,黄河三角洲面临着一系列问题,包括水沙变异、植被退化、物种入侵、格局破碎、功能退化等。目前存在的众多生态问题产生于黄河三角洲湿地的演化过程中,同样存在多个时空叠加影响的特征,基于单一时段、局部点位、孤立要素的生态保育与修复策略对减缓黄河三角洲湿地生境破碎化、生物多样性减少、生态系统退化问题的局限性日益显现。因此,通过综述黄河三角洲生态保护与修复大量文献,阐释生物与非生物干扰因子对滨海湿地生态功能产生的关键生态组分、结构、过程的影响机制,明确多重胁迫下滨海湿地多功能系统的稳定模式,提出保育、修复、调控一体的综合优化体系,发展多尺度关联、多过程协同的保育与修复措施,为解决该地区的生态系统退化问题提供新思路。

关键词: 黄河三角洲, 河口湿地, 湿地演变, 湿地生态修复, 湿地网络, 多重胁迫, 多尺度关联

Abstract:

The Yellow River Delta is a dynamic-equilibrium wetland system formed via the complex interactions between the Yellow River and the ocean across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Owing to the frequent shifts in the Yellow River’s course, the deltaic wetlands have undergone a cyclical evolution involving rapid formation, development, erosion or succession, and disappearance or remnant persistence. Under the combined stresses of intensive human activities and climate change, the Yellow River Delta is facing a series of challenges, including water and sediment variability, vegetation degradation, species invasion, habitat fragmentation, and functional decline. Many existing ecological problems have emerged throughout the evolutionary process of the delta’s wetlands, characterized by overlapping impacts across multiple spatial and temporal dimensions. Consequently, conservation and restoration strategies based on isolated timeframes, specific sites, or individual elements are increasingly showing limitations in mitigating habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem degradation in the delta. This paper reviews extensive literature on ecological conservation and restoration in the Yellow River Delta, elucidating the influence mechanisms of biotic and abiotic disturbance factors on key ecological components, structures, and processes affecting the ecological functions of coastal wetlands. Moreover, it identifies the stability patterns of multifunctional wetland systems under multiple stressors, proposes an integrated optimization framework combining conservation, restoration, and regulation, and develops multiscale correlated and multiprocess coordinated conservation and restoration measures, thereby providing new insights for addressing ecosystem degradation in this region.

Key words: Yellow River Delta, estuarine wetland, wetland evolution, wetland ecological restoration, wetland network, multiple stresses, multiscale correlation

中图分类号:

X143

崔保山, 谢湉, 王青, 陈聪. 黄河三角洲生态格局演变与系统性生态修复理念[J]. 山东科学, 2025, 38(2): 1-12.

CUI Baoshan, XIE Tian, WANG Qing, CHEN Cong. Evolution of the wetland ecological pattern and systematic ecological restoration in the Yellow River Delta[J]. Shandong Science, 2025, 38(2): 1-12.

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