白浪河流域地下水化学特征及其控制因素

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.01.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

白浪河流域北部平原第四系含水层中含有高浓度的卤水,近年来有南侵的趋势,影响了南部平原区的供水安全,正确认识白浪河流域平原区地下水的水化学特征及其成因,对于合理管理地下水资源、保障供水安全具有重要意义。以前人研究为基础,通过在白浪河流域采取地下水化学样品,运用Piper三线图、Gibbs图、无机离子示踪剂等多种水化学分析方法,分别研究了淡水区和卤水区水化学成分的特征和影响因素。研究表明,淡水区和卤水区地下水的总溶解固体有明显的差别,其平均值分别为1 098.1和115 669.3 mg/L,这充分说明了两个区域地下水化学成分的形成受控于不同因素。淡水区地下水化学成分主要来源于溶滤作用。卤水中的盐分来源于三次海侵,但是含水层中的地下水已经不是原来的海水,而是在天然水力坡度的驱动下,被白浪河南部山区的降水所驱替,而现今地下水化学场分布是新水驱替老水时,溶滤海侵地层中的盐分形成的,在驱替过程中溶滤的矿物主要是NaCl、MgCl₂、Na₂SO₄、MgSO₄。

关键词: 白浪河, 海岸带, 卤水, 水化学, 蒸发岩

Abstract:

High-concentration brine exists in the northern part of the Bailang River catchment aquifer.In recent years,the brine has flowed southward and potentially impacts the water supply in the southern plain area.Correct understanding of its hydrochemical characteristics and the evolution of Bailang River catchment is important for the reasonable management of groundwater resources and safety of water supply.Based on the previous research results,through groundwater sampling and a variety of hydrochemical analysis,including Piper Diagram,Gibbs Diagram,and inorganic ion tracer,groundwater hydrochemistry characteristics and its controlling factors in both freshwater area and brine area were studied.The total dissolved solids of groundwater in freshwater area and brine area are 1 098.1 and 115 669.3 mg/L,respectively,which indicates that the formation of groundwater chemical composition in the two areas is controlled by different factors.The chemical composition of groundwater in freshwater area is mainly decided by the water-rock interaction.The salt in the brine area comes from three seawater intrudings,but the groundwater in brine area is no longer the original seawater; it has been replaced by new water from precipitation in the southern mountain area under the driving force of the natural hydraulic gradient.The distribution of hydrochemical field is the result of water-salt interaction during the groundwater recharge,runoff,and discharge processes.The main minerals dissolved in the water-salt interaction process are NaCl,MgCl₂,Na₂SO₄,and MgSO₄.

Key words: Bailang River, coastal zone, brine, hydrochemistry, evaporate

中图分类号:

X143

吴振,王松涛. 白浪河流域地下水化学特征及其控制因素[J]. 山东科学, 2022, 35(1): 120-127.

WU Zhen,WANG Song-tao. Hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of groundwater in Bailang River catchment[J]. Shandong Science, 2022, 35(1): 120-127.

图/表 7

表1

地下水样品数据表"

序号	样品编号	ρ/(mg·L^-1)
序号	样品编号	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$SO 4 2 -$	$HCO 3 -$	$NO 3 -$	SiO₂	TDS
1	679	0.9	20.7	47.1	23.2	48.5	46.7	136.2	18.1	26.0	307.0
2	675	0.4	50.8	151.4	55.6	102.5	173.1	239.5	203.5	24.0	882.0
3	670	0.6	44.9	184.4	44.8	232.3	123.3	220.6	102.1	22.7	866.0
4	669	0.5	33.2	172.6	56.7	256.6	63.8	258.4	103.7	29.3	846.0
5	673	5.7	233.7	55.1	46.9	201.3	352.0	166.0	13.4	1.2	993.0
6	1367	1.3	198.1	193.3	77.2	269.2	332.8	335.5	237.4	14.3	1492.0
7	1351	0.8	46.1	112.0	58.5	124.9	186.2	134.9	143.2	17.3	757.0
8	1352	0.8	108.9	44.1	73.5	180.8	58.4	276.7	85.7	10.6	702.0
9	1353	0.9	186.4	99.8	81.9	360.7	97.1	294.0	128.3	13.3	1116.0
10	1354	0.7	297.8	20.9	74.5	181.7	270.2	439.3	64.7	0.2	1132.0
11	1363	2.8	103.8	176.9	84.8	278.0	130.7	321.7	276.2	10.3	1225.0
12	1365	1.2	215.4	85.6	177.5	325.4	172.4	435.9	421.9	14.1	1632.0
13	1362	0.6	220.1	11.9	37.5	118.0	47.2	467.0	24.1	7.9	705.0
14	1359	1.3	261.1	8.7	39.6	228.6	52.3	363.2	54.6	6.9	839.0
15	1361	0.8	212.2	39.6	65.5	267.5	63.7	359.8	49.8	9.7	891.0
16	71	1.0	318.7	19.4	28.3	97.9	106.7	629.1	54.8	10.6	957.0
17	70	0.9	181.2	142.8	226.8	612.9	136.4	421.5	376.3	1.5	1 892.0
18	74	1.1	434.9	29.1	34.8	159.4	245.3	654.3	40.5	11.8	1 339.0
19	81	4.2	357.4	94.2	76.0	480.3	282.0	314.6	72.8	10.0	1 537.0
20	80	5.3	450.4	134.1	53.6	637.3	376.8	289.4	38.2	10.3	1 852.0
21	45	414.8	23 244.0	883.3	3 552.4	45 727.9	5 981.0	500.2	31.0	11.4	80 098.4
22	46	268.9	17 380.8	790.3	2 235.8	32 653.1	5 533.8	519.0	17.7	16.1	59 157.8
23	42	866.4	37 581.5	1 204.1	6 318.2	76 321.0	8 714.7	453.0	52.5	17.4	131 305.0
24	43	1 412.5	42 287.4	953.1	6 955.4	81 343.2	10 807.2	443.5	53.0	14.6	144 051.0
25	41	1 385.8	48 947.6	1 097.2	7 708.2	95 133.1	11 650.9	402.6	36.5	15.7	166 179.0
26	40	572.3	26 040.2	557.9	3 735.7	50 018.1	5 997.9	723.5	35.0	10.4	87 332.6
27	37	766.4	36 055.7	1 208.8	5 751.5	69 936.8	8 453.9	493.9	76.9	18.1	122 517.0
28	38	799.1	43 168.1	999.6	7 344.5	82 534.9	10 435.9	421.5	48.0	15.8	145 559.0
29	39	892.3	29 908.8	860.1	5 153.8	59 636.9	8 149.4	364.9	27.3	10.4	104 824.0

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

表2

图5

参考文献 30

[1]	毕延凤, 于洪军, 徐兴永, 等. 莱州湾南岸平原地下水化学特征研究[J]. 海洋通报, 2012, 31(3):241-247.
[2]	邹祖光, 张东生, 谭志容. 山东省地下卤水资源及开发利用现状分析[J]. 地质调查与研究, 2008, 31(3):214-221. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4135.2008.03.011. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4135.2008.03.011
[3]	韩有松, 吴洪发. 莱州湾滨海平原地下卤水成因初探[J]. 地质论评, 1982, 28(2):126-131. DOI: 10.16509/j.georeview.1982.02.005. doi: 10.16509/j.georeview.1982.02.005
[4]	王珍岩, 孟广兰, 王少青. 渤海莱州湾南岸第四纪地下卤水演化的地球化学模拟[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2003, 23(1):49-53. DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2003.01.008. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2003.01.008
[5]	冷莹莹, 李祥虎, 刘蕾. 潍坊市北部天然卤水矿床特征及成因分析[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 36(2):188-194.
[6]	高茂生, 郑懿珉, 刘森, 等. 莱州湾地下卤水形成的古地理条件分析[J]. 地质论评, 2015, 61(2):393-400. DOI: 10.16509/j.georeview.2015.02.015. doi: 10.16509/j.georeview.2015.02.015
[7]	张翠云. 莱州湾滨海平原地下卤水的形成及其演化[J]. 中国地质科学院水文地质工程地质研究所所刊, 1993, 9:73-91.
[8]	杨巧凤, 王瑞久, 徐素宁, 等. 莱州湾南岸卤水的稳定同位素与地球化学特征[J]. 地质论评, 2016, 62(2):343-352. DOI: 10.16509/j.georeview.2016.02.008. doi: 10.16509/j.georeview.2016.02.008
[9]	杨巧凤. 莱州湾沿海带浅层地下咸(卤)水的成因研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2016.
[10]	HE Z K, MA C M, ZHOU A G, et al. Usinghydrochemical and stable isotopic (δ2H, δ18O, δ11B, and δ37Cl) data to understand groundwater evolution in an unconsolidated aquifer system in the southern coastal area of Laizhou Bay, China[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2018, 90:129-141. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.01.003. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.01.003
[11]	WANG X J, LI H L, ZHANG Y, et al. Investigation of submarine groundwater discharge and associated nutrient inputs intoLaizhou Bay (China) using Radium quartet[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020, 157:111359. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111359. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111359
[12]	CHEN Q, JIA C P, WEI J C, et al. Geochemical process of groundwater fluoride evolution along global coastal Plains: Evidence from the comparison in seawater intrusion area and soil salinizationarea[J]. Chemical Geology, 2020, 552:119779. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119779. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119779
[13]	高茂生, 郭飞, 侯国华, 等. 渤海南部莱州湾晚更新世以来沉积演化特征[J]. 中国地质, 2018, 45(1):59-68.
[14]	RAZACK M, DAZY J. Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater mixing in sedimentary and metamorphic reservoirs with combined use of Piper's principle and factor analysis[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1990, 114(3/4):371-393. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1694(90)90066-7. doi: 10.1016/0022-1694(90)90066-7
[15]	RAVISH S, SETIA B, DESWAL S. Data on appraisal of groundwater quality in north-easternHaryana[J]. Data in Brief, 2019, 25:104164. DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104164. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104164
[16]	VENKATESAN G, SUBRAMANI T, SATHYA U, et al. Seasonal changes in groundwater composition in an industrial center of south India and quality evaluation for consumption and health risk using geospatial methods[J]. Geochemistry, 2020, 80(4):125651. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125651. doi: 10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125651
[17]	ERDOGAN I G, FOSSO-KANKEU E, NTWAMPE S K O, et al. Groundwater as an alternative source to irregular surface water in the O'Kiep area, Namaqualand, South Africa[J]. Physics and Chemistry Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2019, 114:102801. DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.09.003. doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.09.003
[18]	殷秀兰, 李文鹏, 王俊桃, 等. 新疆柴窝堡盆地地下水化学及稳定同位素研究[J]. 地质学报, 2010, 84(3):439-448.
[19]	林丽, 曾妍妍, 周金龙, 等. 新疆叶尔羌河流域浅层地下水化学特征及形成机制[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2020, 34(6):146-152. DOI: 10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2020.167. doi: 10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2020.167
[20]	栾风娇, 周金龙, 贾瑞亮, 等. 新疆巴里坤-伊吾盆地地下水水化学特征及成因[J]. 环境化学, 2017, 36(2):380-389.
[21]	ZHU G, WU X, GE J P, et al. Influence of mining activities on groundwater hydrochemistry and heavy metal migration using a self-organizing map (SOM)[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 257:120664. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120664. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120664
[22]	LIU F, ZHAO Z P, YANG L H, et al. Geochemical characterization of shallow groundwater using multivariate statistical analysis and geochemical modeling in an irrigated region along the upper Yellow River, Northwestern China[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2020, 215:106565. DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106565. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106565
[23]	姜凌, 李佩成, 郭建青. 贺兰山西麓典型干旱区绿洲地下水水化学特征与演变规律[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2009, 31(3):285-290.
[24]	CAO F F, JAUNAT J, VERGNAUD-AYRAUD V, et al. Heterogeneous behaviour of unconfined Chalk aquifers infer from combination of groundwater residence time, hydrochemistry and hydrodynamic tools[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2020, 581:124433. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124433. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124433
[25]	杨巧凤. 深圳海岸带地表水和浅层地下水的水文地球化学[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2009.
[26]	HARVIE C E, WEARE J H. The prediction of mineralsolubilities in natural waters: The Na-K-Mg-Ca-Cl-SO₄-H₂O system from zero to high concentration at 25 ℃[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1980, 44(7):981-997. DOI: 10.1016/0016-7037(80)90287-2. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(80)90287-2
[27]	PITZER K S, PEIPER J C, BUSEY R H. Thermodynamic properties of aqueous sodium chloride solutions[J]. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 1984, 13(1):1-102. DOI: 10.1063/1.555709. doi: 10.1063/1.555709
[28]	李文鹏. 察尔汗盐湖溶矿驱动开采模型及其软件开发[D]. 北京: 中国地质科学院, 1991.
[29]	郝爱兵, 李文鹏. Pitzer理论在变温高浓卤水体系地球化学平衡研究中的应用[J]. 盐湖研究, 2003, 11(3):24-30.
[30]	王文祥. 察尔汗盐湖低品位固体钾矿驱动溶解液化开采试验研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2013.

样品编号	KCl	NaCl	CaCl₂·6H₂O	MgCl₂·6H₂O	Na₂SO₄	CaSO₄
45	-3.14	-1.81	-5.95	-5.83	-1.74	-0.2
46	-3.49	-2.10	-6.35	-6.41	-1.92	-0.2
42	-2.54	-1.29	-5.22	-4.92	-1.37	0.0
43	-2.29	-1.19	-5.26	-4.80	-1.28	0.0
41	-2.21	-1.03	-5.05	-4.58	-1.29	0.1
40	-2.96	-1.71	-6.05	-5.70	-1.69	-0.4
37	-2.65	-1.37	-5.32	-5.08	-1.39	0.0
38	-2.52	-1.17	-5.22	-4.77	-1.29	0.0
39	-2.67	-1.55	-5.66	-5.35	-1.49	-0.1